Quasi-phase matched second-harmonic generation through thermal poling in femtosecond laser-written glass waveguides

H. An, S. Fleming, B. W. McMillen, K. P. Chen, and D. Snoke, “Thermal poling induced second-order nonlinearity in femtosecond laser-modified fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 061115–1 – 061115–3 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Blum, A. Truhins, B. Poumellec, and S. Zhao, “The use of X-ray-induced and thermostimulated visible and UV luminescence for understanding X-ray poling of silica glasses,” J. of Luminescence 122–123, 137–141 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Tarasenko and W. Margulis, “Electro-optic fiber modulation in a Sagnac inteferometer,” Opt. Lett. 32, 1356–1358 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Li, K. A. Winick, A. A. Said, M. Dugan, and P. Bado, “A waveguide electro-optic modulator in fused silica fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing and thermal poling,” Opt. Lett. 31,739–741 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. M. Kowalevicz, V. Sharma, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Minoshima, “Three dimensional photonic devices fabricated in glass by use of a femotosecond laser oscillator, Opt. Lett. 30, 1060–1062 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Lin, Y.-H. Yang, S. Chao, H. Niu, and C. T. Shih, “Creation of second-order nonlinearity and quasi-phase- matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-implanted fused silica planar waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 081107 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Chao, H.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Yang, Z.-W. Wang, C. T. Shih, and H. Niu, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-ion implanted fused silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Express 13, 7091–7096 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Fage-Pedersen, R. Jacobsen, and M. Kristensen, “Planar glass devices for efficient periodic poling,” Opt. Express 13, 8514–8519 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. An and S. Fleming, “Visualization of second-order nonlinear layer in thermally poled fused silica glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5819–5821 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Beermann, S. Bozhevolnyi, K. Pedersen, and J. Fage-Pedersen, “High-resolution second harmonic microscopy of poled silica waveguides,” Opt. Comm. 221, 295–300 (2003).
[Crossref]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Florea and K. A. Winick, “Fabrication and characterization of photonic devices directly-written in glass using femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 246–253 (2003).
[Crossref]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Corbari, J. D. Mills, O. Deparis, B. G. Klappauf, and P. G. Kazansky, “Thermal poling of glass modified by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1585–1587 (2002).
[Crossref]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

V. Pruneri and P. G. Kazansky, “Frequency doubling of picosecond pulses in periodically poled D-shape silica fiber,” Electron. Lett. 33, 318–319, (1997).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H, Inouye, and T. Mitsuyu, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

W. Margulis and F. Laurell, “Interferometric study of poled glass under etching,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1786–1788, 1996.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Liu, J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, “Electro-optic phase modulation in a silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 19, 466–468 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Dell, M. J. Joyce, and G. O. Stone, “Erasure of poling-induced second-order optical nonlinearities in silica by uv exposure,” in Proceedings of SPIE 2289, 185–193 (1994).
[Crossref]

P. G. Kazansky, L. Dong, and P. S. J. Russell, “Vacuum poling: an improved technique for effective thermal poling of silica glass and germanosilicate optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 30, 1345–1346 (1994).
[Crossref]

P. G. Kazansky, A. Kamal, and P. S. J. Russell, “Erasure of thermally poled second-order nonlinearity in fused silica by electron implantation,” Opt. Lett. 18, 1141–1143 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. Myers, N. Mukherjee, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Large second-order nonlinearity in poled fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 16, 1732–1734 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Bell and C. N. Ironside, “Channel optical waveguides directly written in glass with an electron beam,” Electron. Lett. 27, 448–450 (1991).
[Crossref]

J. M. Jewell, “Thermooptic coefficients of some standard reference material glasses,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74, 1689–1691 (1991).
[Crossref]

T. Toyoda and M. Yabe, “The temperature dependence of the refractive indices of fused silica and crystal quartz,” J. Appl. Phys. 16, L97–L100 (1983).

L. Gerward, “X-ray attenuation coefficients and atomic photoelectric absorption cross sections of silicon,” J. At. Mol. Phys. 14, 3389–3395 (1981).
[Crossref]

R. H. Millar and J. R. Greening, “Experimental x ray mass attenuation coefficients for materials of low atomic number in the energy range 4 to 25 keV,” J. At. Mol. Phys. 7, 2332–2344 (1974).
[Crossref]

T. E. Everhart and P. H. Hoff, “Determination of kilovolt electron energy dissipation vs penetration distance in solid materials,” J. Appl. Phys. 42, 5837–5846 (1971).
[Crossref]

R. Schineller, R. P. Flam, and D. W. Wilmot, “Optical waveguides formed by proton irradiation of fused silica,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 1171–1176 (1968).
[Crossref]

H. An, S. Fleming, B. W. McMillen, K. P. Chen, and D. Snoke, “Thermal poling induced second-order nonlinearity in femtosecond laser-modified fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 061115–1 – 061115–3 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. An and S. Fleming, “Visualization of second-order nonlinear layer in thermally poled fused silica glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5819–5821 (2004).
[Crossref]

G. Li, K. A. Winick, A. A. Said, M. Dugan, and P. Bado, “A waveguide electro-optic modulator in fused silica fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing and thermal poling,” Opt. Lett. 31,739–741 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gaungyu Li, K. A. Winick, Ali Said, Mark Dugan, and Phillipe Bado, “Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Devices Based on Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing and Thermal Poling in Fused Silica,” OSA Frontiers in Optics Annual Meeting,Tucson, Arizona, October 16–20 (2005), post-deadline paper PDP-B7.

J. Beermann, S. Bozhevolnyi, K. Pedersen, and J. Fage-Pedersen, “High-resolution second harmonic microscopy of poled silica waveguides,” Opt. Comm. 221, 295–300 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Bell and C. N. Ironside, “Channel optical waveguides directly written in glass with an electron beam,” Electron. Lett. 27, 448–450 (1991).
[Crossref]

R. Blum, A. Truhins, B. Poumellec, and S. Zhao, “The use of X-ray-induced and thermostimulated visible and UV luminescence for understanding X-ray poling of silica glasses,” J. of Luminescence 122–123, 137–141 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Beermann, S. Bozhevolnyi, K. Pedersen, and J. Fage-Pedersen, “High-resolution second harmonic microscopy of poled silica waveguides,” Opt. Comm. 221, 295–300 (2003).
[Crossref]

R. A. Myers, N. Mukherjee, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Large second-order nonlinearity in poled fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 16, 1732–1734 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

F. P. Mezzapesa, I. C. S. Carvalho, C. Cortari, P. G. Kazansky, J. S. Wilkinson, and G. Chen, “Voltage-assisted cooling: a new route to enhance χ (2)during thermal poling,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America2005), paper CMW7.

H.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Lin, Y.-H. Yang, S. Chao, H. Niu, and C. T. Shih, “Creation of second-order nonlinearity and quasi-phase- matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-implanted fused silica planar waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 081107 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Chao, H.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Yang, Z.-W. Wang, C. T. Shih, and H. Niu, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-ion implanted fused silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Express 13, 7091–7096 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. P. Mezzapesa, I. C. S. Carvalho, C. Cortari, P. G. Kazansky, J. S. Wilkinson, and G. Chen, “Voltage-assisted cooling: a new route to enhance χ (2)during thermal poling,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America2005), paper CMW7.

H.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Lin, Y.-H. Yang, S. Chao, H. Niu, and C. T. Shih, “Creation of second-order nonlinearity and quasi-phase- matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-implanted fused silica planar waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 081107 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Chao, H.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Yang, Z.-W. Wang, C. T. Shih, and H. Niu, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-ion implanted fused silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Express 13, 7091–7096 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. An, S. Fleming, B. W. McMillen, K. P. Chen, and D. Snoke, “Thermal poling induced second-order nonlinearity in femtosecond laser-modified fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 061115–1 – 061115–3 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. Corbari, J. D. Mills, O. Deparis, B. G. Klappauf, and P. G. Kazansky, “Thermal poling of glass modified by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1585–1587 (2002).
[Crossref]

F. P. Mezzapesa, I. C. S. Carvalho, C. Cortari, P. G. Kazansky, J. S. Wilkinson, and G. Chen, “Voltage-assisted cooling: a new route to enhance χ (2)during thermal poling,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America2005), paper CMW7.

J. M. Dell, M. J. Joyce, and G. O. Stone, “Erasure of poling-induced second-order optical nonlinearities in silica by uv exposure,” in Proceedings of SPIE 2289, 185–193 (1994).
[Crossref]

C. Corbari, J. D. Mills, O. Deparis, B. G. Klappauf, and P. G. Kazansky, “Thermal poling of glass modified by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1585–1587 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. C. Liu, J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, “Electro-optic phase modulation in a silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 19, 466–468 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. G. Kazansky, L. Dong, and P. S. J. Russell, “Vacuum poling: an improved technique for effective thermal poling of silica glass and germanosilicate optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 30, 1345–1346 (1994).
[Crossref]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

G. Li, K. A. Winick, A. A. Said, M. Dugan, and P. Bado, “A waveguide electro-optic modulator in fused silica fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing and thermal poling,” Opt. Lett. 31,739–741 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gaungyu Li, K. A. Winick, Ali Said, Mark Dugan, and Phillipe Bado, “Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Devices Based on Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing and Thermal Poling in Fused Silica,” OSA Frontiers in Optics Annual Meeting,Tucson, Arizona, October 16–20 (2005), post-deadline paper PDP-B7.

T. E. Everhart and P. H. Hoff, “Determination of kilovolt electron energy dissipation vs penetration distance in solid materials,” J. Appl. Phys. 42, 5837–5846 (1971).
[Crossref]

J. Fage-Pedersen, R. Jacobsen, and M. Kristensen, “Planar glass devices for efficient periodic poling,” Opt. Express 13, 8514–8519 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Beermann, S. Bozhevolnyi, K. Pedersen, and J. Fage-Pedersen, “High-resolution second harmonic microscopy of poled silica waveguides,” Opt. Comm. 221, 295–300 (2003).
[Crossref]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

R. Schineller, R. P. Flam, and D. W. Wilmot, “Optical waveguides formed by proton irradiation of fused silica,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 1171–1176 (1968).
[Crossref]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

H. An, S. Fleming, B. W. McMillen, K. P. Chen, and D. Snoke, “Thermal poling induced second-order nonlinearity in femtosecond laser-modified fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 061115–1 – 061115–3 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. An and S. Fleming, “Visualization of second-order nonlinear layer in thermally poled fused silica glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5819–5821 (2004).
[Crossref]

C. Florea and K. A. Winick, “Fabrication and characterization of photonic devices directly-written in glass using femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 246–253 (2003).
[Crossref]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

A. M. Kowalevicz, V. Sharma, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Minoshima, “Three dimensional photonic devices fabricated in glass by use of a femotosecond laser oscillator, Opt. Lett. 30, 1060–1062 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Gerward, “X-ray attenuation coefficients and atomic photoelectric absorption cross sections of silicon,” J. At. Mol. Phys. 14, 3389–3395 (1981).
[Crossref]

R. H. Millar and J. R. Greening, “Experimental x ray mass attenuation coefficients for materials of low atomic number in the energy range 4 to 25 keV,” J. At. Mol. Phys. 7, 2332–2344 (1974).
[Crossref]

T. E. Everhart and P. H. Hoff, “Determination of kilovolt electron energy dissipation vs penetration distance in solid materials,” J. Appl. Phys. 42, 5837–5846 (1971).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H, Inouye, and T. Mitsuyu, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. M. Kowalevicz, V. Sharma, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Minoshima, “Three dimensional photonic devices fabricated in glass by use of a femotosecond laser oscillator, Opt. Lett. 30, 1060–1062 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Bell and C. N. Ironside, “Channel optical waveguides directly written in glass with an electron beam,” Electron. Lett. 27, 448–450 (1991).
[Crossref]

J. Fage-Pedersen, R. Jacobsen, and M. Kristensen, “Planar glass devices for efficient periodic poling,” Opt. Express 13, 8514–8519 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Jewell, “Thermooptic coefficients of some standard reference material glasses,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74, 1689–1691 (1991).
[Crossref]

J. M. Dell, M. J. Joyce, and G. O. Stone, “Erasure of poling-induced second-order optical nonlinearities in silica by uv exposure,” in Proceedings of SPIE 2289, 185–193 (1994).
[Crossref]

P. G. Kazansky, A. Kamal, and P. S. J. Russell, “Erasure of thermally poled second-order nonlinearity in fused silica by electron implantation,” Opt. Lett. 18, 1141–1143 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Corbari, J. D. Mills, O. Deparis, B. G. Klappauf, and P. G. Kazansky, “Thermal poling of glass modified by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1585–1587 (2002).
[Crossref]

V. Pruneri and P. G. Kazansky, “Frequency doubling of picosecond pulses in periodically poled D-shape silica fiber,” Electron. Lett. 33, 318–319, (1997).
[Crossref]

P. G. Kazansky, L. Dong, and P. S. J. Russell, “Vacuum poling: an improved technique for effective thermal poling of silica glass and germanosilicate optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 30, 1345–1346 (1994).
[Crossref]

P. G. Kazansky, A. Kamal, and P. S. J. Russell, “Erasure of thermally poled second-order nonlinearity in fused silica by electron implantation,” Opt. Lett. 18, 1141–1143 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. P. Mezzapesa, I. C. S. Carvalho, C. Cortari, P. G. Kazansky, J. S. Wilkinson, and G. Chen, “Voltage-assisted cooling: a new route to enhance χ (2)during thermal poling,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America2005), paper CMW7.

A. C. Liu, J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, “Electro-optic phase modulation in a silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 19, 466–468 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Corbari, J. D. Mills, O. Deparis, B. G. Klappauf, and P. G. Kazansky, “Thermal poling of glass modified by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1585–1587 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. M. Kowalevicz, V. Sharma, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Minoshima, “Three dimensional photonic devices fabricated in glass by use of a femotosecond laser oscillator, Opt. Lett. 30, 1060–1062 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Fage-Pedersen, R. Jacobsen, and M. Kristensen, “Planar glass devices for efficient periodic poling,” Opt. Express 13, 8514–8519 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Margulis and F. Laurell, “Interferometric study of poled glass under etching,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1786–1788, 1996.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Li, K. A. Winick, A. A. Said, M. Dugan, and P. Bado, “A waveguide electro-optic modulator in fused silica fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing and thermal poling,” Opt. Lett. 31,739–741 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gaungyu Li, K. A. Winick, Ali Said, Mark Dugan, and Phillipe Bado, “Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Devices Based on Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing and Thermal Poling in Fused Silica,” OSA Frontiers in Optics Annual Meeting,Tucson, Arizona, October 16–20 (2005), post-deadline paper PDP-B7.

H.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Lin, Y.-H. Yang, S. Chao, H. Niu, and C. T. Shih, “Creation of second-order nonlinearity and quasi-phase- matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-implanted fused silica planar waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 081107 (2005).
[Crossref]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-Y. Chen, J.-S. Sue, Y.-H. Lin, and S. Chao, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ultraviolet-assisted periodically poled planar fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 28, 917–919 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Liu, J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, “Electro-optic phase modulation in a silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 19, 466–468 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Tarasenko and W. Margulis, “Electro-optic fiber modulation in a Sagnac inteferometer,” Opt. Lett. 32, 1356–1358 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Margulis and F. Laurell, “Interferometric study of poled glass under etching,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1786–1788, 1996.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. An, S. Fleming, B. W. McMillen, K. P. Chen, and D. Snoke, “Thermal poling induced second-order nonlinearity in femtosecond laser-modified fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 061115–1 – 061115–3 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. P. Mezzapesa, I. C. S. Carvalho, C. Cortari, P. G. Kazansky, J. S. Wilkinson, and G. Chen, “Voltage-assisted cooling: a new route to enhance χ (2)during thermal poling,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America2005), paper CMW7.

R. H. Millar and J. R. Greening, “Experimental x ray mass attenuation coefficients for materials of low atomic number in the energy range 4 to 25 keV,” J. At. Mol. Phys. 7, 2332–2344 (1974).
[Crossref]

C. Corbari, J. D. Mills, O. Deparis, B. G. Klappauf, and P. G. Kazansky, “Thermal poling of glass modified by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1585–1587 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. M. Kowalevicz, V. Sharma, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Minoshima, “Three dimensional photonic devices fabricated in glass by use of a femotosecond laser oscillator, Opt. Lett. 30, 1060–1062 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H, Inouye, and T. Mitsuyu, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H, Inouye, and T. Mitsuyu, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

R. A. Myers, N. Mukherjee, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Large second-order nonlinearity in poled fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 16, 1732–1734 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. Myers, N. Mukherjee, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Large second-order nonlinearity in poled fused silica,” Opt. Lett. 16, 1732–1734 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Montant, A. L. Calvez, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, V. Nazabal, E. Fargin, and G. L. Flem, “Light-controlled erasure of induced χ(2) in thermally poled glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2623–2625 (1999).
[Crossref]

H.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Lin, Y.-H. Yang, S. Chao, H. Niu, and C. T. Shih, “Creation of second-order nonlinearity and quasi-phase- matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-implanted fused silica planar waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 081107 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Chao, H.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Yang, Z.-W. Wang, C. T. Shih, and H. Niu, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-ion implanted fused silica channel waveguide,” Opt. Express 13, 7091–7096 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Beermann, S. Bozhevolnyi, K. Pedersen, and J. Fage-Pedersen, “High-resolution second harmonic microscopy of poled silica waveguides,” Opt. Comm. 221, 295–300 (2003).
[Crossref]

R. Blum, A. Truhins, B. Poumellec, and S. Zhao, “The use of X-ray-induced and thermostimulated visible and UV luminescence for understanding X-ray poling of silica glasses,” J. of Luminescence 122–123, 137–141 (2007).
[Crossref]

V. Pruneri and P. G. Kazansky, “Frequency doubling of picosecond pulses in periodically poled D-shape silica fiber,” Electron. Lett. 33, 318–319, (1997).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H, Inouye, and T. Mitsuyu, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

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T. Toyoda and M. Yabe, “The temperature dependence of the refractive indices of fused silica and crystal quartz,” J. Appl. Phys. 16, L97–L100 (1983).

H.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Lin, Y.-H. Yang, S. Chao, H. Niu, and C. T. Shih, “Creation of second-order nonlinearity and quasi-phase- matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-implanted fused silica planar waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 081107 (2005).
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Gaungyu Li, K. A. Winick, Ali Said, Mark Dugan, and Phillipe Bado, “Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Devices Based on Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing and Thermal Poling in Fused Silica,” OSA Frontiers in Optics Annual Meeting,Tucson, Arizona, October 16–20 (2005), post-deadline paper PDP-B7.

F. P. Mezzapesa, I. C. S. Carvalho, C. Cortari, P. G. Kazansky, J. S. Wilkinson, and G. Chen, “Voltage-assisted cooling: a new route to enhance χ (2)during thermal poling,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America2005), paper CMW7.