Abstract

We propose a simple structure for manipulating resonant conditions in random structures, which is composed of a waveguide structure as a defect region embedded in a random structure. Using the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, we examine the resonant properties of localized modes bound in the waveguide. From the results, we confirm that long-lived modes are strongly confined in the waveguide only when the resonant frequency matches the frequency windows in the transmitted intensity spectrum of the surrounding random structure.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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  1. C. Gouedard, D. Husson, C. Sauteret, F. Auzel, and A. Migus, “Generation of spatially incoherent short pulses in laser-pumped neodymium stoichiometric crystals and powders,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10(12), 2358–2363 (1993).
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  4. D. S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A. Lagendijk, and R. Righini, “Localization of light in a disordered medium,” Nature 390(6661), 671–673 (1997).
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  5. A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  6. H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, and K. Leosson, “Localization and waveguiding of surface plasmon polaritons in random nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186801 (2002).
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  8. R. C. Polson and Z. V. Vardeny, “Random lasing in human tissues,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(7), 1289–1291 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  9. G. Zacharakis, N. A. Papadogiannis, and T. G. Papazoglou, “Random lasing following two-photon excitation of highly scattering gain media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(14), 2511–2513 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  10. H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of upconversion lasing within a thulium-ion-doped glass powder film containing titanium dioxide particles,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(No. 10B), L1337–L1339 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  11. H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of optical bistability in a ZnO powder random medium,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(7), 071115 (2006).
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    [Crossref]
  13. G. van Soest and A. Lagendijk, “β factor in a random laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 65(44 Pt 2B), 047601 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, E. W. Seeling, and R. P. H. Chang, “Microlaser made of disordered media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(21), 2997–2999 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  15. H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  17. H. Watanabe, Y. Oki, M. Maeda, and T. Omatsu, “Waveguide dye laser including a SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed random scattering active layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(15), 151123 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  18. C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  19. S. Furumi, H. Fudouzi, H. T. Miyazaki, and Y. Sakka, “Flexible polymer colloidal-crystal random lasers with a light-emitting planar defect,” Adv. Mater. 19(16), 2067–2072 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  20. D. S. Wiersma and S. Cavalieri, “Light emission: A temperature-tunable random laser,” Nature 414(6865), 708–709 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  22. C. Vanneste and P. Sebbah, “Localized modes in random arrays of cylinders,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 71(2), 026612 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. P. Sebbah and C. Vanneste, “Random laser in the localized regime,” Phys. Rev. B 66(14), 144202 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  24. J. Liu and H. Liu, “Theoretical investigation on the threshold properties of localized modes in two-dimensional random media,” J. Mod. Opt. 53(10), 1429–1439 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  25. H. Fujiwara, Y. Hamabata, and K. Sasaki, “Numerical analysis of resonant and lasing properties at a defect region within a random structure,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3970–3977 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  27. C. Rockstuhl, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Correlation between single-cylinder properties and bandgap formation in photonic structures,” Opt. Lett. 31(11), 1741–1743 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. J. Topolancik, F. Vollmer, and B. Llic, “Random high-Q cavities in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201102 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  29. J. Topolancik, B. Ilic, and F. Vollmer, “Experimental observation of strong photon localization in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(25), 253901 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  30. M. Agio and C. M. Soukoulis, “Ministop bands in single-defect photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 64(5 Pt 2), 055603 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (1)

2008 (1)

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (3)

S. Furumi, H. Fudouzi, H. T. Miyazaki, and Y. Sakka, “Flexible polymer colloidal-crystal random lasers with a light-emitting planar defect,” Adv. Mater. 19(16), 2067–2072 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Topolancik, F. Vollmer, and B. Llic, “Random high-Q cavities in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201102 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Topolancik, B. Ilic, and F. Vollmer, “Experimental observation of strong photon localization in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(25), 253901 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (3)

J. Liu and H. Liu, “Theoretical investigation on the threshold properties of localized modes in two-dimensional random media,” J. Mod. Opt. 53(10), 1429–1439 (2006).
[Crossref]

C. Rockstuhl, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Correlation between single-cylinder properties and bandgap formation in photonic structures,” Opt. Lett. 31(11), 1741–1743 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of optical bistability in a ZnO powder random medium,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(7), 071115 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (4)

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. Watanabe, Y. Oki, M. Maeda, and T. Omatsu, “Waveguide dye laser including a SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed random scattering active layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(15), 151123 (2005).
[Crossref]

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

C. Vanneste and P. Sebbah, “Localized modes in random arrays of cylinders,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 71(2), 026612 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (2)

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of upconversion lasing within a thulium-ion-doped glass powder film containing titanium dioxide particles,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(No. 10B), L1337–L1339 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. C. Polson and Z. V. Vardeny, “Random lasing in human tissues,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(7), 1289–1291 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (4)

P. Sebbah and C. Vanneste, “Random laser in the localized regime,” Phys. Rev. B 66(14), 144202 (2002).
[Crossref]

G. Zacharakis, N. A. Papadogiannis, and T. G. Papazoglou, “Random lasing following two-photon excitation of highly scattering gain media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(14), 2511–2513 (2002).
[Crossref]

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, and K. Leosson, “Localization and waveguiding of surface plasmon polaritons in random nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186801 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. van Soest and A. Lagendijk, “β factor in a random laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 65(44 Pt 2B), 047601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (3)

H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. S. Wiersma and S. Cavalieri, “Light emission: A temperature-tunable random laser,” Nature 414(6865), 708–709 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Agio and C. M. Soukoulis, “Ministop bands in single-defect photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 64(5 Pt 2), 055603 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (2)

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, E. W. Seeling, and R. P. H. Chang, “Microlaser made of disordered media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(21), 2997–2999 (2000).
[Crossref]

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1999 (2)

G. van Soest, M. Tomita, and A. Lagendijk, “Amplifying volume in scattering media,” Opt. Lett. 24(5), 306–308 (1999).
[Crossref]

A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

D. S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A. Lagendijk, and R. Righini, “Localization of light in a disordered medium,” Nature 390(6661), 671–673 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

1994 (1)

N. M. Lawandy, R. M. Balachandran, A. S. L. Gomes, and E. Sauvain, “Laser action in strongly scattering media,” Nature 368(6470), 436–438 (1994).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

Agio, M.

M. Agio and C. M. Soukoulis, “Ministop bands in single-defect photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 64(5 Pt 2), 055603 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Auzel, F.

Balachandran, R. M.

N. M. Lawandy, R. M. Balachandran, A. S. L. Gomes, and E. Sauvain, “Laser action in strongly scattering media,” Nature 368(6470), 436–438 (1994).
[Crossref]

Bartolini, P.

D. S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A. Lagendijk, and R. Righini, “Localization of light in a disordered medium,” Nature 390(6661), 671–673 (1997).
[Crossref]

Blanco, A.

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

Bozhevolnyi, S. I.

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, and K. Leosson, “Localization and waveguiding of surface plasmon polaritons in random nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186801 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cao, C. Q.

H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cao, H.

H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, E. W. Seeling, and R. P. H. Chang, “Microlaser made of disordered media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(21), 2997–2999 (2000).
[Crossref]

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Caulfield, H. J.

Cavalieri, S.

D. S. Wiersma and S. Cavalieri, “Light emission: A temperature-tunable random laser,” Nature 414(6865), 708–709 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chang, R. P. H.

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, E. W. Seeling, and R. P. H. Chang, “Microlaser made of disordered media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(21), 2997–2999 (2000).
[Crossref]

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chang, S.-H.

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, N. S.

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

Fudouzi, H.

S. Furumi, H. Fudouzi, H. T. Miyazaki, and Y. Sakka, “Flexible polymer colloidal-crystal random lasers with a light-emitting planar defect,” Adv. Mater. 19(16), 2067–2072 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fujiwara, H.

H. Fujiwara, Y. Hamabata, and K. Sasaki, “Numerical analysis of resonant and lasing properties at a defect region within a random structure,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3970–3977 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of optical bistability in a ZnO powder random medium,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(7), 071115 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of upconversion lasing within a thulium-ion-doped glass powder film containing titanium dioxide particles,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(No. 10B), L1337–L1339 (2004).
[Crossref]

Furumi, S.

S. Furumi, H. Fudouzi, H. T. Miyazaki, and Y. Sakka, “Flexible polymer colloidal-crystal random lasers with a light-emitting planar defect,” Adv. Mater. 19(16), 2067–2072 (2007).
[Crossref]

Garcia, P. D.

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

Gomes, A. S. L.

N. M. Lawandy, R. M. Balachandran, A. S. L. Gomes, and E. Sauvain, “Laser action in strongly scattering media,” Nature 368(6470), 436–438 (1994).
[Crossref]

Gottardo, S.

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

Gouedard, C.

Hamabata, Y.

Hase, M.

H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
[Crossref]

Hirata, K.

A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
[Crossref]

Hng, H. H.

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

Ho, S. T.

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Husson, D.

Ilic, B.

J. Topolancik, B. Ilic, and F. Vollmer, “Experimental observation of strong photon localization in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(25), 253901 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kanematsu, Y.

A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
[Crossref]

Kumar, P.

H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kurita, A.

A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
[Crossref]

Kurokawa, Y.

H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kushida, T.

A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
[Crossref]

Lagendijk, A.

G. van Soest and A. Lagendijk, “β factor in a random laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 65(44 Pt 2B), 047601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. van Soest, M. Tomita, and A. Lagendijk, “Amplifying volume in scattering media,” Opt. Lett. 24(5), 306–308 (1999).
[Crossref]

D. S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A. Lagendijk, and R. Righini, “Localization of light in a disordered medium,” Nature 390(6661), 671–673 (1997).
[Crossref]

Lau, S. P.

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

Lawandy, N. M.

N. M. Lawandy, R. M. Balachandran, A. S. L. Gomes, and E. Sauvain, “Laser action in strongly scattering media,” Nature 368(6470), 436–438 (1994).
[Crossref]

Lederer, F.

Leong, E. S. P.

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

Leosson, K.

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, and K. Leosson, “Localization and waveguiding of surface plasmon polaritons in random nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186801 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ling, Y.

H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, H.

J. Liu and H. Liu, “Theoretical investigation on the threshold properties of localized modes in two-dimensional random media,” J. Mod. Opt. 53(10), 1429–1439 (2006).
[Crossref]

Liu, J.

J. Liu and H. Liu, “Theoretical investigation on the threshold properties of localized modes in two-dimensional random media,” J. Mod. Opt. 53(10), 1429–1439 (2006).
[Crossref]

Liu, L.

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

Liu, X.

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Llic, B.

J. Topolancik, F. Vollmer, and B. Llic, “Random high-Q cavities in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Lopez, C.

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

Maeda, M.

H. Watanabe, Y. Oki, M. Maeda, and T. Omatsu, “Waveguide dye laser including a SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed random scattering active layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(15), 151123 (2005).
[Crossref]

Mahdi, M.

Migus, A.

Miyazaki, H.

H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
[Crossref]

Miyazaki, H. T.

S. Furumi, H. Fudouzi, H. T. Miyazaki, and Y. Sakka, “Flexible polymer colloidal-crystal random lasers with a light-emitting planar defect,” Adv. Mater. 19(16), 2067–2072 (2007).
[Crossref]

H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
[Crossref]

Noginov, M. A.

Noginova, N. E.

Oki, Y.

H. Watanabe, Y. Oki, M. Maeda, and T. Omatsu, “Waveguide dye laser including a SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed random scattering active layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(15), 151123 (2005).
[Crossref]

Omatsu, T.

H. Watanabe, Y. Oki, M. Maeda, and T. Omatsu, “Waveguide dye laser including a SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed random scattering active layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(15), 151123 (2005).
[Crossref]

Ostroumov, V.

Papadogiannis, N. A.

G. Zacharakis, N. A. Papadogiannis, and T. G. Papazoglou, “Random lasing following two-photon excitation of highly scattering gain media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(14), 2511–2513 (2002).
[Crossref]

Papazoglou, T. G.

G. Zacharakis, N. A. Papadogiannis, and T. G. Papazoglou, “Random lasing following two-photon excitation of highly scattering gain media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(14), 2511–2513 (2002).
[Crossref]

Peschel, U.

Polson, R. C.

R. C. Polson and Z. V. Vardeny, “Random lasing in human tissues,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(7), 1289–1291 (2004).
[Crossref]

Righini, R.

D. S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A. Lagendijk, and R. Righini, “Localization of light in a disordered medium,” Nature 390(6661), 671–673 (1997).
[Crossref]

Rockstuhl, C.

Sakka, Y.

S. Furumi, H. Fudouzi, H. T. Miyazaki, and Y. Sakka, “Flexible polymer colloidal-crystal random lasers with a light-emitting planar defect,” Adv. Mater. 19(16), 2067–2072 (2007).
[Crossref]

Sapienza, R.

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

Sasaki, K.

H. Fujiwara, Y. Hamabata, and K. Sasaki, “Numerical analysis of resonant and lasing properties at a defect region within a random structure,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3970–3977 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of optical bistability in a ZnO powder random medium,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(7), 071115 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of upconversion lasing within a thulium-ion-doped glass powder film containing titanium dioxide particles,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(No. 10B), L1337–L1339 (2004).
[Crossref]

Sauteret, C.

Sauvain, E.

N. M. Lawandy, R. M. Balachandran, A. S. L. Gomes, and E. Sauvain, “Laser action in strongly scattering media,” Nature 368(6470), 436–438 (1994).
[Crossref]

Sebbah, P.

C. Vanneste and P. Sebbah, “Localized modes in random arrays of cylinders,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 71(2), 026612 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Sebbah and C. Vanneste, “Random laser in the localized regime,” Phys. Rev. B 66(14), 144202 (2002).
[Crossref]

Seelig, E. W.

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Seeling, E. W.

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, E. W. Seeling, and R. P. H. Chang, “Microlaser made of disordered media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(21), 2997–2999 (2000).
[Crossref]

Shinya, N.

H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
[Crossref]

Song, Q.

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

Soukoulis, C. M.

M. Agio and C. M. Soukoulis, “Ministop bands in single-defect photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 64(5 Pt 2), 055603 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Thompson, T.

Tomita, M.

Topolancik, J.

J. Topolancik, F. Vollmer, and B. Llic, “Random high-Q cavities in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201102 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Topolancik, B. Ilic, and F. Vollmer, “Experimental observation of strong photon localization in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(25), 253901 (2007).
[Crossref]

van Soest, G.

G. van Soest and A. Lagendijk, “β factor in a random laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 65(44 Pt 2B), 047601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. van Soest, M. Tomita, and A. Lagendijk, “Amplifying volume in scattering media,” Opt. Lett. 24(5), 306–308 (1999).
[Crossref]

Vanneste, C.

C. Vanneste and P. Sebbah, “Localized modes in random arrays of cylinders,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 71(2), 026612 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Sebbah and C. Vanneste, “Random laser in the localized regime,” Phys. Rev. B 66(14), 144202 (2002).
[Crossref]

Vardeny, Z. V.

R. C. Polson and Z. V. Vardeny, “Random lasing in human tissues,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(7), 1289–1291 (2004).
[Crossref]

Venkateswarlu, P.

Volkov, V. S.

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, and K. Leosson, “Localization and waveguiding of surface plasmon polaritons in random nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186801 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vollmer, F.

J. Topolancik, B. Ilic, and F. Vollmer, “Experimental observation of strong photon localization in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(25), 253901 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Topolancik, F. Vollmer, and B. Llic, “Random high-Q cavities in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Wang, L.

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, H.

H. Watanabe, Y. Oki, M. Maeda, and T. Omatsu, “Waveguide dye laser including a SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed random scattering active layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(15), 151123 (2005).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, M.

A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
[Crossref]

Wiersma, D. S.

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. S. Wiersma and S. Cavalieri, “Light emission: A temperature-tunable random laser,” Nature 414(6865), 708–709 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A. Lagendijk, and R. Righini, “Localization of light in a disordered medium,” Nature 390(6661), 671–673 (1997).
[Crossref]

Xiao, S.

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

Xu, J. Y.

H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, E. W. Seeling, and R. P. H. Chang, “Microlaser made of disordered media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(21), 2997–2999 (2000).
[Crossref]

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, L.

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

Yang, H. Y.

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

Yu, S. F.

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

Yuen, C.

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

Zacharakis, G.

G. Zacharakis, N. A. Papadogiannis, and T. G. Papazoglou, “Random lasing following two-photon excitation of highly scattering gain media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(14), 2511–2513 (2002).
[Crossref]

Zhang, D. Z.

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, X.

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

Adv. Mater. (1)

S. Furumi, H. Fudouzi, H. T. Miyazaki, and Y. Sakka, “Flexible polymer colloidal-crystal random lasers with a light-emitting planar defect,” Adv. Mater. 19(16), 2067–2072 (2007).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (7)

H. Watanabe, Y. Oki, M. Maeda, and T. Omatsu, “Waveguide dye laser including a SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed random scattering active layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(15), 151123 (2005).
[Crossref]

C. Yuen, S. F. Yu, E. S. P. Leong, H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, N. S. Chen, and H. H. Hng, “Low-loss and directional output ZnO thin-film ridge waveguide random lasers with MgO capped layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031112 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of optical bistability in a ZnO powder random medium,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(7), 071115 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, E. W. Seeling, and R. P. H. Chang, “Microlaser made of disordered media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(21), 2997–2999 (2000).
[Crossref]

R. C. Polson and Z. V. Vardeny, “Random lasing in human tissues,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(7), 1289–1291 (2004).
[Crossref]

G. Zacharakis, N. A. Papadogiannis, and T. G. Papazoglou, “Random lasing following two-photon excitation of highly scattering gain media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(14), 2511–2513 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Topolancik, F. Vollmer, and B. Llic, “Random high-Q cavities in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201102 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Mod. Opt. (1)

J. Liu and H. Liu, “Theoretical investigation on the threshold properties of localized modes in two-dimensional random media,” J. Mod. Opt. 53(10), 1429–1439 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (2)

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

H. Fujiwara and K. Sasaki, “Observation of upconversion lasing within a thulium-ion-doped glass powder film containing titanium dioxide particles,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(No. 10B), L1337–L1339 (2004).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (1)

S. Gottardo, R. Sapienza, P. D. Garcia, A. Blanco, D. S. Wiersma, and C. Lopez, “Resonance-driven random lasing,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 429–432 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nature (3)

N. M. Lawandy, R. M. Balachandran, A. S. L. Gomes, and E. Sauvain, “Laser action in strongly scattering media,” Nature 368(6470), 436–438 (1994).
[Crossref]

D. S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A. Lagendijk, and R. Righini, “Localization of light in a disordered medium,” Nature 390(6661), 671–673 (1997).
[Crossref]

D. S. Wiersma and S. Cavalieri, “Light emission: A temperature-tunable random laser,” Nature 414(6865), 708–709 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (2)

Phys. Rev. B (3)

H. Miyazaki, M. Hase, H. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kurokawa, and N. Shinya, “Photonic material for designing arbitrarily shaped waveguides in two dimensions,” Phys. Rev. B 67(23), 235109 (2003).
[Crossref]

Q. Song, L. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Zhou, L. Liu, and L. Xu, “Random laser emission from a surface-corrugated waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 72(3), 035424 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. Sebbah and C. Vanneste, “Random laser in the localized regime,” Phys. Rev. B 66(14), 144202 (2002).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. (3)

C. Vanneste and P. Sebbah, “Localized modes in random arrays of cylinders,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 71(2), 026612 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Agio and C. M. Soukoulis, “Ministop bands in single-defect photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 64(5 Pt 2), 055603 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. van Soest and A. Lagendijk, “β factor in a random laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 65(44 Pt 2B), 047601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (5)

H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, “Spatial confinement of laser light in active random media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(24), 5584–5587 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, and T. Kushida, “Wavelength- and Angle-Selective Optical Memory Effect by Interference of Multiple-Scattered Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(8), 1582–1585 (1999).
[Crossref]

H. Cao, Y. Ling, J. Y. Xu, C. Q. Cao, and P. Kumar, “Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(20), 4524–4527 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, and K. Leosson, “Localization and waveguiding of surface plasmon polaritons in random nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186801 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Topolancik, B. Ilic, and F. Vollmer, “Experimental observation of strong photon localization in disordered photonic crystal waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(25), 253901 (2007).
[Crossref]

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Typical spatial distribution of scatterers (solid circles) with a waveguide (gray line). A waveguide (width 900 nm, length 52.5 µm, refractive index 1.5) embedded in the center of randomly distributed dielectric circular scatterers (diameter 400 nm, refractive index 2.6, surface filling factor 50%). The dispersion area of scatterers was 5.9 × 62.5 µm2. The surrounding medium was assumed to be air (refractive index 1.0). The size of the entire calculation area was set to 30 × 100 µm2.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Curves (a) and (b) indicate the resonant spectrum of the numerical model in Fig. 1 and a transmitted intensity spectrum of the surrounding random structure without a waveguide structure. A solid circle with error bar exhibits the average resonant frequency calculated from ten different distributions of scatterers. Curve (c) shows the reflected intensity spectrum from a waveguide structure without surrounding scatterers.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Intensity distributions at (a) on- and (b) off-resonant frequencies (281 and 325 THz, respectively). The distributions were normalized by individual maximum values and the maximum intensity of the image at the off-resonant frequency was about 103 times smaller than that at the on-resonant frequency.

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