Abstract

We design nanogratings consisting of concentric plasmonic resonance grooves on the metallic sidewalls of near-field scanning probe aperture to increase the power throughput without losing the imaging resolution. Nanograting tip design involves choosing the proper pitch length and the cut location of grooves. Four different nanograting designs are evaluated, as compared with standard single aperture pyramidal near-field scanning probe without grating patterns. We show that, by adding nano-grooves at the location of electromagnetic field intensity-maximum along interface and with the pitch period matching the surface plasmon wavelength, the power throughput can be greatly increased by at least a factor of 530 at 405nm UV wavelength with 100nm diameter aperture probe.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, D. A. Higgins, and P. F. Barbara, “Near-field optical studies of thin-film mesostructured organic materials,” Acc. Chem. Res. 30(5), 204–212 (1997).
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2010 (2)

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (5)

W. Chen, D. C. Abeysinghe, R. L. Nelson, and Q. Zhan, “Plasmonic lens made of multiple concentric metallic rings under radially polarized illumination,” Nano Lett. 9(12), 4320–4325 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. I. Baida and A. Belkhir, “Superfocusing and light confinement by surface plasmon excitation through radially polarized beam,” Plasmonics 4(1), 51–59 (2009).
[Crossref]

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Verhagen, M. Spasenović, A. Polman, and L. K. Kuipers, “Nanowire plasmon excitation by adiabatic mode transformation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 203904 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhan, “Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications,” Adv. Opt. Photon. 1(1), 1–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (3)

Y. Wang, W. Srituravanich, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Plasmonic nearfield scanning probe with high transmission,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 3041–3045 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Laux, C. Genet, T. Skauli, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Plasmonic photon sorters for spectral and polarimetric imaging,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 161–164 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. K. Gramotnev, D. F. P. Pile, M. W. Vogel, and X. Zhang, “Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035431 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature 440(7083), 508–511 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Novotny and S. J. Stranick, “Near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy with pointed probes,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 57(1), 303–331 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (1)

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

M. I. Stockman, “Nanofocusing of optical energy in tapered plasmonic waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(13), 137404 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (2)

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424(6950), 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Homola, “Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 377(3), 528–539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1997 (1)

D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, D. A. Higgins, and P. F. Barbara, “Near-field optical studies of thin-film mesostructured organic materials,” Acc. Chem. Res. 30(5), 204–212 (1997).
[Crossref]

1991 (1)

E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner, and R. L. Kostelak, “Breaking the diffraction barrier: optical microscopy on a nanometric scale,” Science 251(5000), 1468–1470 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1966 (1)

K. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell's equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 14(3), 302–307 (1966).
[Crossref]

Abeysinghe, D. C.

W. Chen, D. C. Abeysinghe, R. L. Nelson, and Q. Zhan, “Plasmonic lens made of multiple concentric metallic rings under radially polarized illumination,” Nano Lett. 9(12), 4320–4325 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Albrecht, M.

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Allegrini, M.

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

Baida, F. I.

F. I. Baida and A. Belkhir, “Superfocusing and light confinement by surface plasmon excitation through radially polarized beam,” Plasmonics 4(1), 51–59 (2009).
[Crossref]

Barbara, P. F.

D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, D. A. Higgins, and P. F. Barbara, “Near-field optical studies of thin-film mesostructured organic materials,” Acc. Chem. Res. 30(5), 204–212 (1997).
[Crossref]

Barnes, W. L.

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424(6950), 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Belkhir, A.

F. I. Baida and A. Belkhir, “Superfocusing and light confinement by surface plasmon excitation through radially polarized beam,” Plasmonics 4(1), 51–59 (2009).
[Crossref]

Berweger, S.

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Betzig, E.

E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner, and R. L. Kostelak, “Breaking the diffraction barrier: optical microscopy on a nanometric scale,” Science 251(5000), 1468–1470 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bozhevolnyi, S. I.

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature 440(7083), 508–511 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cerullo, G.

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

Chen, W.

W. Chen, D. C. Abeysinghe, R. L. Nelson, and Q. Zhan, “Plasmonic lens made of multiple concentric metallic rings under radially polarized illumination,” Nano Lett. 9(12), 4320–4325 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Choi, S. S.

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

De Silvestri, S.

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

Degiron, A.

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dereux, A.

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424(6950), 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Devaux, E.

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature 440(7083), 508–511 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ebbesen, T. W.

E. Laux, C. Genet, T. Skauli, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Plasmonic photon sorters for spectral and polarimetric imaging,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 161–164 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature 440(7083), 508–511 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424(6950), 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ebbsen, T. W.

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Elsaesser, T.

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Garcia-Vidal, F. J.

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

García-Vidal, F. J.

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Genet, C.

E. Laux, C. Genet, T. Skauli, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Plasmonic photon sorters for spectral and polarimetric imaging,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 161–164 (2008).
[Crossref]

Gramotnev, D. K.

D. K. Gramotnev, D. F. P. Pile, M. W. Vogel, and X. Zhang, “Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035431 (2007).
[Crossref]

Harris, T. D.

E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner, and R. L. Kostelak, “Breaking the diffraction barrier: optical microscopy on a nanometric scale,” Science 251(5000), 1468–1470 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Higgins, D. A.

D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, D. A. Higgins, and P. F. Barbara, “Near-field optical studies of thin-film mesostructured organic materials,” Acc. Chem. Res. 30(5), 204–212 (1997).
[Crossref]

Homola, J.

J. Homola, “Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 377(3), 528–539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jha, V.

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kerimo, J.

D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, D. A. Higgins, and P. F. Barbara, “Near-field optical studies of thin-film mesostructured organic materials,” Acc. Chem. Res. 30(5), 204–212 (1997).
[Crossref]

Kim, D. W.

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kim, Y. C.

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kostelak, R. L.

E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner, and R. L. Kostelak, “Breaking the diffraction barrier: optical microscopy on a nanometric scale,” Science 251(5000), 1468–1470 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kuipers, L. K.

E. Verhagen, M. Spasenović, A. Polman, and L. K. Kuipers, “Nanowire plasmon excitation by adiabatic mode transformation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 203904 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Labardi, M.

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

Laluet, J. Y.

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature 440(7083), 508–511 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Laux, E.

E. Laux, C. Genet, T. Skauli, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Plasmonic photon sorters for spectral and polarimetric imaging,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 161–164 (2008).
[Crossref]

Lesuffleur, A.

N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lezec, H. J.

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lienau, C.

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lindquist, N. C.

N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Linke, R. A.

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Martin-Moreno, L.

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Martín-Moreno, L.

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nagpal, P.

N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Neacsu, C. C.

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nelson, R. L.

W. Chen, D. C. Abeysinghe, R. L. Nelson, and Q. Zhan, “Plasmonic lens made of multiple concentric metallic rings under radially polarized illumination,” Nano Lett. 9(12), 4320–4325 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Norris, D. J.

N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Novotny, L.

L. Novotny and S. J. Stranick, “Near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy with pointed probes,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 57(1), 303–331 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Oh, S. H.

N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Olmon, R. L.

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Park, M. J.

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

Pile, D. F. P.

D. K. Gramotnev, D. F. P. Pile, M. W. Vogel, and X. Zhang, “Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035431 (2007).
[Crossref]

Polli, D.

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

Polman, A.

E. Verhagen, M. Spasenović, A. Polman, and L. K. Kuipers, “Nanowire plasmon excitation by adiabatic mode transformation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 203904 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Raschke, M. B.

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rodrigo, S. G.

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ropers, C.

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Saraf, L. V.

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Skauli, T.

E. Laux, C. Genet, T. Skauli, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Plasmonic photon sorters for spectral and polarimetric imaging,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 161–164 (2008).
[Crossref]

Spasenovic, M.

E. Verhagen, M. Spasenović, A. Polman, and L. K. Kuipers, “Nanowire plasmon excitation by adiabatic mode transformation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 203904 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Srituravanich, W.

Y. Wang, W. Srituravanich, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Plasmonic nearfield scanning probe with high transmission,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 3041–3045 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stockman, M. I.

M. I. Stockman, “Nanofocusing of optical energy in tapered plasmonic waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(13), 137404 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stranick, S. J.

L. Novotny and S. J. Stranick, “Near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy with pointed probes,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 57(1), 303–331 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sun, C.

Y. Wang, W. Srituravanich, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Plasmonic nearfield scanning probe with high transmission,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 3041–3045 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Suwal, O.

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

Svelto, O.

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

Trautman, J. K.

E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner, and R. L. Kostelak, “Breaking the diffraction barrier: optical microscopy on a nanometric scale,” Science 251(5000), 1468–1470 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vanden Bout, D. A.

D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, D. A. Higgins, and P. F. Barbara, “Near-field optical studies of thin-film mesostructured organic materials,” Acc. Chem. Res. 30(5), 204–212 (1997).
[Crossref]

Verhagen, E.

E. Verhagen, M. Spasenović, A. Polman, and L. K. Kuipers, “Nanowire plasmon excitation by adiabatic mode transformation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 203904 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vogel, M. W.

D. K. Gramotnev, D. F. P. Pile, M. W. Vogel, and X. Zhang, “Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035431 (2007).
[Crossref]

Volkov, V. S.

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature 440(7083), 508–511 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, Y.

Y. Wang, W. Srituravanich, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Plasmonic nearfield scanning probe with high transmission,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 3041–3045 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Weiner, J. S.

E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner, and R. L. Kostelak, “Breaking the diffraction barrier: optical microscopy on a nanometric scale,” Science 251(5000), 1468–1470 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yee, K.

K. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell's equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 14(3), 302–307 (1966).
[Crossref]

Zavelani-Rossi, M.

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

Zhan, Q.

W. Chen, D. C. Abeysinghe, R. L. Nelson, and Q. Zhan, “Plasmonic lens made of multiple concentric metallic rings under radially polarized illumination,” Nano Lett. 9(12), 4320–4325 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhan, “Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications,” Adv. Opt. Photon. 1(1), 1–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X.

Y. Wang, W. Srituravanich, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Plasmonic nearfield scanning probe with high transmission,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 3041–3045 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. K. Gramotnev, D. F. P. Pile, M. W. Vogel, and X. Zhang, “Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035431 (2007).
[Crossref]

Acc. Chem. Res. (1)

D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, D. A. Higgins, and P. F. Barbara, “Near-field optical studies of thin-film mesostructured organic materials,” Acc. Chem. Res. 30(5), 204–212 (1997).
[Crossref]

Adv. Opt. Photon. (1)

Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (1)

J. Homola, “Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 377(3), 528–539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. (1)

L. Novotny and S. J. Stranick, “Near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy with pointed probes,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 57(1), 303–331 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

M. Labardi, M. Zavelani-Rossi, D. Polli, G. Cerullo, M. Allegrini, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, “Characterization of femtosecond light pules coupled to hollow-pyramid near-field probes: Localization in space and time,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(3), 031105 (2005).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. (1)

K. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell's equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 14(3), 302–307 (1966).
[Crossref]

Mater. Sci. Eng. B (1)

D. W. Kim, Y. C. Kim, O. Suwal, V. Jha, M. J. Park, and S. S. Choi, “Optimization of light-surface plasmon coupling by periodicity regulation for a pyramidal probe,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 149(3), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nano Lett. (6)

N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Wang, W. Srituravanich, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Plasmonic nearfield scanning probe with high transmission,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 3041–3045 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Chen, D. C. Abeysinghe, R. L. Nelson, and Q. Zhan, “Plasmonic lens made of multiple concentric metallic rings under radially polarized illumination,” Nano Lett. 9(12), 4320–4325 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. S. Volkov, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbsen, “Nanofocusing with channel plasmon polaritons,” Nano Lett. 9(3), 1278–1282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Ropers, C. C. Neacsu, T. Elsaesser, M. Albrecht, M. B. Raschke, and C. Lienau, “Grating-coupling of surface plasmons onto metallic tips: a nanoconfined light source,” Nano Lett. 7(9), 2784–2788 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics (1)

E. Laux, C. Genet, T. Skauli, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Plasmonic photon sorters for spectral and polarimetric imaging,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 161–164 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nature (2)

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424(6950), 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature 440(7083), 508–511 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. B (1)

D. K. Gramotnev, D. F. P. Pile, M. W. Vogel, and X. Zhang, “Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035431 (2007).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

M. I. Stockman, “Nanofocusing of optical energy in tapered plasmonic waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(13), 137404 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Verhagen, M. Spasenović, A. Polman, and L. K. Kuipers, “Nanowire plasmon excitation by adiabatic mode transformation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 203904 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Plasmonics (1)

F. I. Baida and A. Belkhir, “Superfocusing and light confinement by surface plasmon excitation through radially polarized beam,” Plasmonics 4(1), 51–59 (2009).
[Crossref]

Science (2)

H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science 297(5582), 820–822 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner, and R. L. Kostelak, “Breaking the diffraction barrier: optical microscopy on a nanometric scale,” Science 251(5000), 1468–1470 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (5)

H. Raether, Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings, (Springer-Verlag, 1988).

Y. Wang, Y. Y. Huang, K. Hoshino, Y. Shrestha, D. Giese, X. J. Zhang, “Plasmonic nanoprobe integrated with near-field canning microscope”, IEEE Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA. (17–20) Aug. 2009.

Y. Y. Huang, Y. Wang, K. Hoshino, D. Giese, Y. Shrestha, and X. J. Zhang, “Fabrication and scanning control of nanoprobe for NSOM applications,” Proc. SPIE 7591 75910C1–9 (2010).

E. D. Palik, and G. Ghosh, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, E.D. Palik, ed. (Academic, 1985).

Lumerical Solutions, Inc, www.lumerical.com .

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of nanogratings on probe tip. The insertion shows the corresponding experiment setup that uses the evanescent wave from probe tip to excite a uniform Quantum Dots layer based on near-field scanning microscopy platform.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Incident electrical field intensity distributions for a standard single aperture probe without grating. (a) Schematic configuration of the NSOM aperture probe tip. (b)-(f) Average intensity distributions in logarithm for 405nm wavelength source on the x-z plane of the probe tip with aperture diameter of 10nm in (b), 30nm in (c), 50nm in (d), 80nm in (e), and 100nm in (f). The mode source is linear polarized TE wave along x direction, and matches the simulation source plane structure. The dark outline marks the boundary of metal coating. (b) Shows the scale bar and x-z dimension with unit of nanometer, which is used for (c)-(f). The dashed line marks the first intensity-maximum location close to the apex along Ag/SiO2 interface.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Nanograting designed on pyramidal-shape tip. The nanograting is etched along z direction. On the lateral x-y plane, the focus ion beam milling patterns illustrate the sidewall compensation. (b) Schematic drawings of the probe apex with nanograting. The distance from groove to tip apex is defined as pitch length or cut location of the designed nanograting.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Electromagnetic power throughput and beam size (beam cross section area at its intensity half maximum) from the probes within near-field range. (a) The center aperture of the probe has a diameter of 100nm. Compared four nanograting designs and the single aperture probe [20], the average power enhancement of design A is 530X compared with single aperture, and average beam size is the 0.7X within 1000nm range. (b)- (e) Probes with aperture size of 80nm, 50nm, 30nm, and 10nm. The power enhancement ratio and beam size ratio of design A to reference are indicated respectively.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 FDTD simulation electromagnetic field distribution around the probe and near-field space. The 100nm diameter aperture probes are simulated with (a) single aperture probe, (b) nanograting design A, (c) nanograting design B, (d) nanograting design C, and (e) nanograting design D. The same dimension and color bar in logarithm are used for plotting (b)-(e).

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Tables (1)

Tables Icon

Table 1 First 6 Nanograting Radius for Four Designs with 405 nm Excitation

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Equations (2)

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R n = R 0 + n 2 ⋅ λ s p p , A g / a i r .
R n = n λ s p p , A g / S i O 2 − 1 − sin ( φ ) λ S i O 2 ,

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