RIN transfer in 2nd-order distributed amplification with ultralong fiber lasers

Mercedes Alcón-Camas; Juan Diego Ania-Castañón

doi:10.1364/OE.18.023569

Abstract

We investigate numerically the effect of ultralong Raman laser fiber amplifier design parameters, such as span length, pumping distribution and grating reflectivity, on the RIN transfer from the pump to the transmitted signal. Comparison is provided to the performance of traditional second-order Raman amplified schemes, showing a relative performance penalty for ultralong laser systems that gets smaller as span length increases. We show that careful choice of system parameters can be used to partially offset such penalty.

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References

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Year
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Author
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Publication

M. N. Islam, “Raman amplifiers for telecommunications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 548–559 (2002).
[Crossref]
J. Bromage, “Raman amplification for fiber communications systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22(1), 79–93 (2004).
[Crossref]
J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Quasi-lossless transmission using second-order Raman amplification and fibre Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 12(19), 4372–4377 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-19-4372 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. E. El-Taher, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and P. Harper, “High efficiency supercontinuum generation using ultra-long Raman fiber cavities,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17909–17915 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Scheuer and A. Yariv, “Giant fiber lasers: a new paradigm for secure key distribution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 140502 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
C. R. S. Fludger, V. Handerek, and R. J. Mears, “Pump to Signal RIN Transfer in Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19(8), 1140–1148 (2001).
[Crossref]
B. Bristiel, S. Jiang, P. Gallion, and E. Pincemin, “New model of noise Figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(8), 980–982 (2006).
[Crossref]
M. D. Mermelstein, K. Brar, and C. Headley, “RIN Transfer Measurement and Modeling in Dual-Order Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(6), 1518–1523 (2003).
[Crossref]
M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 260(2), 656–661 (2006).
[Crossref]
V. Kalavally, I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and T. Win, “Analytical study of RIN transfer in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(20), 4536–4543 (2009).
[Crossref]
S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (3)

V. Kalavally, I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and T. Win, “Analytical study of RIN transfer in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(20), 4536–4543 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. E. El-Taher, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and P. Harper, “High efficiency supercontinuum generation using ultra-long Raman fiber cavities,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17909–17915 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (4)

J. Scheuer and A. Yariv, “Giant fiber lasers: a new paradigm for secure key distribution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 140502 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 260(2), 656–661 (2006).
[Crossref]

B. Bristiel, S. Jiang, P. Gallion, and E. Pincemin, “New model of noise Figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(8), 980–982 (2006).
[Crossref]

2004 (2)

J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Quasi-lossless transmission using second-order Raman amplification and fibre Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 12(19), 4372–4377 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-19-4372 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Bromage, “Raman amplification for fiber communications systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22(1), 79–93 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

M. D. Mermelstein, K. Brar, and C. Headley, “RIN Transfer Measurement and Modeling in Dual-Order Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(6), 1518–1523 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

M. N. Islam, “Raman amplifiers for telecommunications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 548–559 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

C. R. S. Fludger, V. Handerek, and R. J. Mears, “Pump to Signal RIN Transfer in Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19(8), 1140–1148 (2001).
[Crossref]

Alcón-Camas, M.

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ania-Castañón, J. D.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. E. El-Taher, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and P. Harper, “High efficiency supercontinuum generation using ultra-long Raman fiber cavities,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17909–17915 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Quasi-lossless transmission using second-order Raman amplification and fibre Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 12(19), 4372–4377 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-19-4372 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Babin, S. A.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

Brar, K.

M. D. Mermelstein, K. Brar, and C. Headley, “RIN Transfer Measurement and Modeling in Dual-Order Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(6), 1518–1523 (2003).
[Crossref]

Brinkmeyer, E.

M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 260(2), 656–661 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bristiel, B.

B. Bristiel, S. Jiang, P. Gallion, and E. Pincemin, “New model of noise Figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(8), 980–982 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bromage, J.

J. Bromage, “Raman amplification for fiber communications systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22(1), 79–93 (2004).
[Crossref]

Chen, X.

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Churkin, D. V.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cierullies, S.

M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 260(2), 656–661 (2006).
[Crossref]

Ellingham, T. J.

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

El-Taher, A. E.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. E. El-Taher, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and P. Harper, “High efficiency supercontinuum generation using ultra-long Raman fiber cavities,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17909–17915 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fludger, C. R. S.

C. R. S. Fludger, V. Handerek, and R. J. Mears, “Pump to Signal RIN Transfer in Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19(8), 1140–1148 (2001).
[Crossref]

Gallion, P.

B. Bristiel, S. Jiang, P. Gallion, and E. Pincemin, “New model of noise Figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(8), 980–982 (2006).
[Crossref]

Handerek, V.

C. R. S. Fludger, V. Handerek, and R. J. Mears, “Pump to Signal RIN Transfer in Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19(8), 1140–1148 (2001).
[Crossref]

Harper, P.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. E. El-Taher, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and P. Harper, “High efficiency supercontinuum generation using ultra-long Raman fiber cavities,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17909–17915 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Harrison, J. A.

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Headley, C.

M. D. Mermelstein, K. Brar, and C. Headley, “RIN Transfer Measurement and Modeling in Dual-Order Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(6), 1518–1523 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ibbotson, R.

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Islam, M. N.

M. N. Islam, “Raman amplifiers for telecommunications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 548–559 (2002).
[Crossref]

Jiang, S.

B. Bristiel, S. Jiang, P. Gallion, and E. Pincemin, “New model of noise Figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(8), 980–982 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kablukov, S. I.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kalavally, V.

V. Kalavally, I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and T. Win, “Analytical study of RIN transfer in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(20), 4536–4543 (2009).
[Crossref]

Karalekas, V.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. E. El-Taher, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and P. Harper, “High efficiency supercontinuum generation using ultra-long Raman fiber cavities,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17909–17915 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Krause, M.

M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 260(2), 656–661 (2006).
[Crossref]

Mears, R. J.

C. R. S. Fludger, V. Handerek, and R. J. Mears, “Pump to Signal RIN Transfer in Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19(8), 1140–1148 (2001).
[Crossref]

Mermelstein, M. D.

M. D. Mermelstein, K. Brar, and C. Headley, “RIN Transfer Measurement and Modeling in Dual-Order Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(6), 1518–1523 (2003).
[Crossref]

Pincemin, E.

B. Bristiel, S. Jiang, P. Gallion, and E. Pincemin, “New model of noise Figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(8), 980–982 (2006).
[Crossref]

Podivilov, E. V.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

Premaratne, M.

V. Kalavally, I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and T. Win, “Analytical study of RIN transfer in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(20), 4536–4543 (2009).
[Crossref]

Renner, H.

M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 260(2), 656–661 (2006).
[Crossref]

Rukhlenko, I. D.

V. Kalavally, I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and T. Win, “Analytical study of RIN transfer in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(20), 4536–4543 (2009).
[Crossref]

Scheuer, J.

J. Scheuer and A. Yariv, “Giant fiber lasers: a new paradigm for secure key distribution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 140502 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Turitsyn, S. K.

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, H.

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Win, T.

V. Kalavally, I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and T. Win, “Analytical study of RIN transfer in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(20), 4536–4543 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yariv, A.

J. Scheuer and A. Yariv, “Giant fiber lasers: a new paradigm for secure key distribution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 140502 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, L.

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

M. N. Islam, “Raman amplifiers for telecommunications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 548–559 (2002).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

B. Bristiel, S. Jiang, P. Gallion, and E. Pincemin, “New model of noise Figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(8), 980–982 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (4)

C. R. S. Fludger, V. Handerek, and R. J. Mears, “Pump to Signal RIN Transfer in Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19(8), 1140–1148 (2001).
[Crossref]

V. Kalavally, I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and T. Win, “Analytical study of RIN transfer in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(20), 4536–4543 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. D. Mermelstein, K. Brar, and C. Headley, “RIN Transfer Measurement and Modeling in Dual-Order Raman Fiber Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(6), 1518–1523 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Bromage, “Raman amplification for fiber communications systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22(1), 79–93 (2004).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (1)

S. K. Turitsyn, S. A. Babin, A. E. El-Taher, P. Harper, D. V. Churkin, S. I. Kablukov, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and E. V. Podivilov, “Random distributed feedback fibre laser,” Nat. Photonics 4(4), 231–235 (2010).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (1)

M. Krause, S. Cierullies, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Pump-to-Stokes RIN transfer in Raman fiber lasers and its impact on the performance of co-pumped Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 260(2), 656–661 (2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

A. E. El-Taher, J. D. Ania-Castañón, V. Karalekas, and P. Harper, “High efficiency supercontinuum generation using ultra-long Raman fiber cavities,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17909–17915 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Quasi-lossless transmission using second-order Raman amplification and fibre Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 12(19), 4372–4377 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-19-4372 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (1)

M. Alcón-Camas, A. E. El-Taher, H. Wang, P. Harper, V. Karalekas, J. A. Harrison, and J. D. Ania-Castañón, “Long-distance soliton transmission through ultralong fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3104–3106 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

J. D. Ania-Castañón, T. J. Ellingham, R. Ibbotson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Ultralong Raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(2), 023902 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Scheuer and A. Yariv, “Giant fiber lasers: a new paradigm for secure key distribution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 140502 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Fig. 1 Schematic description of the studied pumped Raman amplifier systems. (a) Ultralong Raman fiber laser. (b) Equivalent power distribution system with dual pumping scheme.

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Fig. 2 RIN transfer value at several span lengths for (a) laser cavity with 90% FBGs and (b) fiber span dual pumping scheme without reflectors.

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Fig. 3 (a) Maximum RIN transfer value and value at 4 kHz at versus span length for the two considered schemes, (b) 2 dB drop frequency versus span length for the two considered schemes, (c) subset of results from figure 2(a)

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Fig. 4 RIN transfer value vs. pump ratio and Frequency for the case of (a) a 75km laser cavity with 90% reflectors, (b) a 75km dual-wavelength second-order pumping scheme without reflectors and (c) subset results from (a) and (b).

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Fig. 5 (a) RIN transfer value vs. reflectivity and frequency for a 75 km laser cavity for different FBG reflectivities. (b) Subset of RIN transfer value vs. FBG reflectivity for different frequencies. (c) 2 dB drop frequency vs. FBGs reflectivity for the same cavity.

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Tables (1)

Table 1 Simulation parameters

View Table

Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

H_{2 n d} (ω) = | \frac{R I N_{S i g n a l}^{O u t} (ω)}{R I N_{P u m p}^{I n} (ω)} |

\frac{d n_{1}^{\pm}}{d z} + i d_{1}^{\pm} ω n_{1}^{\pm} = \mp α_{1} n_{1}^{\pm} \mp g_{1} \frac{v_{1}}{v_{2}} P_{1}^{\pm} (n_{2}^{+} + n_{2}^{-}) \mp g_{1} \frac{v_{1}}{v_{2}} (P_{2}^{+} + P_{2}^{-}) n_{1}^{\pm} \pm ε_{1} n_{1}^{\mp}

\frac{d n_{2}^{\pm}}{d z} + i d_{2}^{\pm} ω n_{2}^{\pm} = \mp α_{2} n_{2}^{\pm} \pm g_{1} P_{2}^{\pm} (n_{1}^{+} + n_{1}^{-}) \pm g_{1} n_{2}^{\pm} (P_{1}^{+} + P_{1}^{-}) \mp g_{2} \frac{v_{2}}{v_{S}} P_{2}^{\pm} n_{S} \mp g_{2} \frac{v_{2}}{v_{S}} n_{2}^{\pm} P_{S} \pm ε_{2} n_{2}^{\mp}

\frac{d n_{S}}{d z} = - α_{S} n_{S}^{} + g_{2} P_{S}^{} (n_{2}^{+} + n_{2}^{-}) + g_{2} n_{S}^{} (P_{2}^{+} + P_{2}^{-}) + ε_{S} n_{S}^{-}

For scheme 1:
                  ​ n_{_{1}}^{+} (0) = n_{10}; n_{1}^{-} (0) = n_{20}; n_{_{2}}^{+} (0) = R_{1} n_{2}^{-} (0); n_{_{2}}^{-} (L) = R_{2} n_{2}^{+} (L); n_{S} (0) = 0

For scheme 2:
                  ​ n_{1}^{+} (0) = n_{10}^{+}; n_{1}^{-} (0) = n_{10}^{-}; n_{2}^{+} (0) = n_{20}^{+}; n_{2}^{-} (L) = n_{20}^{-}; n_{S} (0) = 0

Wavelength (nm)	g (W⁻¹ km⁻¹)	α (dB/km)	ε (km⁻¹)	d⁺ (s/m)	d^- (s/m)
1366	0.51	0.33	1.0x10⁻⁴	2.8x10⁻⁹	1.0x10⁻⁵
1455	0.36	0.26	6.0x10⁻⁵	1.35x10⁻⁹	1.0x10⁻⁵
1550	-	0.20	4.3x10⁻⁵	-	-

Abstract

References

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