Abstract

We report coupled VCSEL arrays, emitting at 1.3μm wavelength, in which both the optical gain/loss and refractive index distributions were defined on different vertical layers. The arrays were electrically pumped through a patterned tunnel junction, whereas the array pixels were realized by intra-cavity patterning using sub-wavelength air gaps. Stable oscillations in coupled modes were evidenced for 2x2 array structures, from threshold current up to thermal roll-over, using spectrally resolved field pattern analysis.

© 2011 Optical Society of America

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  1. H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  2. A. Haglund, J. S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh, and A. Larsson, “Single fundamental-mode output power exceeding 6 mW from VCSELs with a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(2), 368–370 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  3. R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
    [Crossref]
  4. M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
    [Crossref]
  5. S. Shinada and F. Koyama, “Single high-order transverse mode surface-emitting laser with controlled far-field pattern,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(12), 1641–1643 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  6. D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  7. A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  8. D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  9. A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  10. J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  11. E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  12. A. C. Lehman and K. D. Choquette, “One- and two-dimensional coherently coupled implant-defined vertical-cavity laser Arrays,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 1421–1423 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  13. L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  14. D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  15. D. Zhou and L. J. Mawst, “Two-dimensional phase-locked antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(15), 2307–2309 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  16. M. Arzberger, M. Lohner, G. Bohm, and M. C. Amann, “Low-resistivity p-side contacts for InP-based devices using buried InGaAs tunnel junction,” Electron. Lett. 36(1), 87–88 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  17. A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  18. W. Hofmann, “High-speed buried tunnel junction Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. J. 1, 1–14 (2010).
  19. L. Mutter, V. Iakovlev, A. Caliman, A. Mereuta, A. Sirbu, and E. Kapon, “1.3 μm-wavelength phase-locked VCSEL arrays incorporating patterned tunnel junction,” Opt. Express 17(10), 8558–8566 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, A. Caliman, V. Iacovlev, A. Sirbu, and E. Kapon, “10-Gb/s and 10-km error-free transmission up to 100 degrees C with 1.3-mu m wavelength wafer-fused VCSELs,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12981–12986 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. D. E. Ackley and R. W. H. Engelmann, “Twin-stripe Injection-laser With Leaky-mode Coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 37(10), 866–868 (1980).
    [Crossref]
  22. E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
    [Crossref]
  23. D. Debernardi, G. Bava, F. di Sopra, and M.B. Willemsen, “Features of Vectorial Modes in Phase-Coupled VCSEL Arrays: Experiment and Theory,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 109–119 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  24. A. Golshani, H. Pier, E. Kapon, and M. Moser, “Photon mode localization in disordered arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(4), 2454–2456 (1999).
    [Crossref]

2010 (2)

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Hofmann, “High-speed buried tunnel junction Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. J. 1, 1–14 (2010).

2009 (3)

2007 (3)

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. C. Lehman and K. D. Choquette, “One- and two-dimensional coherently coupled implant-defined vertical-cavity laser Arrays,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 1421–1423 (2007).
[Crossref]

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
[Crossref]

2004 (2)

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

A. Haglund, J. S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh, and A. Larsson, “Single fundamental-mode output power exceeding 6 mW from VCSELs with a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(2), 368–370 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

D. Debernardi, G. Bava, F. di Sopra, and M.B. Willemsen, “Features of Vectorial Modes in Phase-Coupled VCSEL Arrays: Experiment and Theory,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 109–119 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (2)

S. Shinada and F. Koyama, “Single high-order transverse mode surface-emitting laser with controlled far-field pattern,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(12), 1641–1643 (2002).
[Crossref]

D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

D. Zhou and L. J. Mawst, “Two-dimensional phase-locked antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(15), 2307–2309 (2000).
[Crossref]

M. Arzberger, M. Lohner, G. Bohm, and M. C. Amann, “Low-resistivity p-side contacts for InP-based devices using buried InGaAs tunnel junction,” Electron. Lett. 36(1), 87–88 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (3)

D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
[Crossref]

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

A. Golshani, H. Pier, E. Kapon, and M. Moser, “Photon mode localization in disordered arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(4), 2454–2456 (1999).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

1991 (1)

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

1984 (1)

E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
[Crossref]

1980 (1)

D. E. Ackley and R. W. H. Engelmann, “Twin-stripe Injection-laser With Leaky-mode Coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 37(10), 866–868 (1980).
[Crossref]

Ackley, D. E.

D. E. Ackley and R. W. H. Engelmann, “Twin-stripe Injection-laser With Leaky-mode Coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 37(10), 866–868 (1980).
[Crossref]

Allerman, A. A.

E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
[Crossref]

D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
[Crossref]

Amann, M. C.

M. Arzberger, M. Lohner, G. Bohm, and M. C. Amann, “Low-resistivity p-side contacts for InP-based devices using buried InGaAs tunnel junction,” Electron. Lett. 36(1), 87–88 (2000).
[Crossref]

Arzberger, M.

M. Arzberger, M. Lohner, G. Bohm, and M. C. Amann, “Low-resistivity p-side contacts for InP-based devices using buried InGaAs tunnel junction,” Electron. Lett. 36(1), 87–88 (2000).
[Crossref]

Asom, M. T.

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

Baba, T.

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

Bao, L.

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

Bava, G.

D. Debernardi, G. Bava, F. di Sopra, and M.B. Willemsen, “Features of Vectorial Modes in Phase-Coupled VCSEL Arrays: Experiment and Theory,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 109–119 (2003).
[Crossref]

Berseth, C. A.

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

Bohm, G.

M. Arzberger, M. Lohner, G. Bohm, and M. C. Amann, “Low-resistivity p-side contacts for InP-based devices using buried InGaAs tunnel junction,” Electron. Lett. 36(1), 87–88 (2000).
[Crossref]

Caliman, A.

Callis, S. E.

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

Chen, K. M.

J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chen, W.

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Choquette, K. D.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. C. Lehman and K. D. Choquette, “One- and two-dimensional coherently coupled implant-defined vertical-cavity laser Arrays,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 1421–1423 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
[Crossref]

D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
[Crossref]

Chuang, S. L.

E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
[Crossref]

Danner, A. J.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Debernardi, D.

D. Debernardi, G. Bava, F. di Sopra, and M.B. Willemsen, “Features of Vectorial Modes in Phase-Coupled VCSEL Arrays: Experiment and Theory,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 109–119 (2003).
[Crossref]

di Sopra, F.

D. Debernardi, G. Bava, F. di Sopra, and M.B. Willemsen, “Features of Vectorial Modes in Phase-Coupled VCSEL Arrays: Experiment and Theory,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 109–119 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ebeling, K. J.

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

Elkin, N. N.

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

Engelmann, R. W. H.

D. E. Ackley and R. W. H. Engelmann, “Twin-stripe Injection-laser With Leaky-mode Coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 37(10), 866–868 (1980).
[Crossref]

Fischer, A. J.

E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
[Crossref]

Florez, L. T.

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

Focht, M. W.

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

Furukawa, A.

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

Geib, K. M.

E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
[Crossref]

D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
[Crossref]

Giannopoulos, A. V.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Golshani, A.

A. Golshani, H. Pier, E. Kapon, and M. Moser, “Photon mode localization in disordered arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(4), 2454–2456 (1999).
[Crossref]

Grabherr, M.

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

Gustavsson, J. S.

A. Haglund, J. S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh, and A. Larsson, “Single fundamental-mode output power exceeding 6 mW from VCSELs with a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(2), 368–370 (2004).
[Crossref]

Guth, G. D.

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

Hadley, G. R.

D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
[Crossref]

Haglund, A.

A. Haglund, J. S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh, and A. Larsson, “Single fundamental-mode output power exceeding 6 mW from VCSELs with a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(2), 368–370 (2004).
[Crossref]

Harbison, J. P.

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

Harren, A. C. L.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Hofmann, W.

W. Hofmann, “High-speed buried tunnel junction Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. J. 1, 1–14 (2010).

Hoshi, M.

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

Hung, T. J.

J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
[Crossref]

Iacovlev, V.

Iakovlev, V.

L. Mutter, V. Iakovlev, A. Caliman, A. Mereuta, A. Sirbu, and E. Kapon, “1.3 μm-wavelength phase-locked VCSEL arrays incorporating patterned tunnel junction,” Opt. Express 17(10), 8558–8566 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

Jager, R.

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

Jiang, C. H.

J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kapon, E.

A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, A. Caliman, V. Iacovlev, A. Sirbu, and E. Kapon, “10-Gb/s and 10-km error-free transmission up to 100 degrees C with 1.3-mu m wavelength wafer-fused VCSELs,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12981–12986 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Mutter, V. Iakovlev, A. Caliman, A. Mereuta, A. Sirbu, and E. Kapon, “1.3 μm-wavelength phase-locked VCSEL arrays incorporating patterned tunnel junction,” Opt. Express 17(10), 8558–8566 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Golshani, H. Pier, E. Kapon, and M. Moser, “Photon mode localization in disordered arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(4), 2454–2456 (1999).
[Crossref]

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
[Crossref]

Kasten, A. M.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Katz, J.

E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
[Crossref]

Kim, C. K.

D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kim, N. H.

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kim, S. H.

D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kojima, K.

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

Koyama, F.

S. Shinada and F. Koyama, “Single high-order transverse mode surface-emitting laser with controlled far-field pattern,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(12), 1641–1643 (2002).
[Crossref]

Larsson, A.

A. Haglund, J. S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh, and A. Larsson, “Single fundamental-mode output power exceeding 6 mW from VCSELs with a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(2), 368–370 (2004).
[Crossref]

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

Lee, Y. H.

D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
[Crossref]

Lehman, A. C.

A. C. Lehman and K. D. Choquette, “One- and two-dimensional coherently coupled implant-defined vertical-cavity laser Arrays,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 1421–1423 (2007).
[Crossref]

Leisher, P. O.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Lindsey, C.

E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
[Crossref]

Liu, A. J.

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Lohner, M.

M. Arzberger, M. Lohner, G. Bohm, and M. C. Amann, “Low-resistivity p-side contacts for InP-based devices using buried InGaAs tunnel junction,” Electron. Lett. 36(1), 87–88 (2000).
[Crossref]

Margalit, S.

E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
[Crossref]

Martinsson, H.

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

Matsuzono, A.

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

Mawst, L. J.

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

D. Zhou and L. J. Mawst, “Two-dimensional phase-locked antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(15), 2307–2309 (2000).
[Crossref]

Mereuta, A.

Michalzik, R.

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

Mircea, A.

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

Modh, P.

A. Haglund, J. S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh, and A. Larsson, “Single fundamental-mode output power exceeding 6 mW from VCSELs with a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(2), 368–370 (2004).
[Crossref]

Morgan, R. A.

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

Moritoh, K.

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

Moser, M.

A. Golshani, H. Pier, E. Kapon, and M. Moser, “Photon mode localization in disordered arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(4), 2454–2456 (1999).
[Crossref]

Mutter, L.

Napartovich, A. P.

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

Orenstein, M.

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

Park, H. G.

D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
[Crossref]

Pier, H.

A. Golshani, H. Pier, E. Kapon, and M. Moser, “Photon mode localization in disordered arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(4), 2454–2456 (1999).
[Crossref]

Qu, H. W.

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Raftery, J. J.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Rogers, L. E.

R. A. Morgan, G. D. Guth, M. W. Focht, M. T. Asom, K. Kojima, L. E. Rogers, and S. E. Callis, “Transverse-mode Control of Vertical-cavity Top-surface-emitting Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(4), 374–377 (1993).
[Crossref]

Royo, P.

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

Sasaki, S.

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

Serkland, D. K.

D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
[Crossref]

Shi, J. W.

J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
[Crossref]

Shinada, S.

S. Shinada and F. Koyama, “Single high-order transverse mode surface-emitting laser with controlled far-field pattern,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(12), 1641–1643 (2002).
[Crossref]

Sirbu, A.

Siriani, D. F.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Song, D. S.

D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
[Crossref]

Stoffel, N. G.

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

Sulkin, J. D.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Suruceanu, G.

A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, A. Caliman, V. Iacovlev, A. Sirbu, and E. Kapon, “10-Gb/s and 10-km error-free transmission up to 100 degrees C with 1.3-mu m wavelength wafer-fused VCSELs,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12981–12986 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

Syrbu, A.

A. Mircea, A. Caliman, V. Iakovlev, A. Mereuta, G. Suruceanu, C. A. Berseth, P. Royo, A. Syrbu, and E. Kapon, “Cavity mode-gain peak tradeoff for 1320nm wafer-fused VCSELs with 3mW single-mode emission power and 10-Gb/s modulation speed up to 70 degrees C,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 121–123 (2007).
[Crossref]

Tan, M. P.

D. F. Siriani, M. P. Tan, A. M. Kasten, A. C. L. Harren, P. O. Leisher, J. D. Sulkin, J. J. Raftery, A. J. Danner, A. V. Giannopoulos, and K. D. Choquette, “Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 909–917 (2009).
[Crossref]

Troshchieva, V. N.

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

Vukusic, J.

A. Haglund, J. S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh, and A. Larsson, “Single fundamental-mode output power exceeding 6 mW from VCSELs with a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(2), 368–370 (2004).
[Crossref]

Vukusic, J. A.

H. Martinsson, J. A. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Michalzik, R. Jager, K. J. Ebeling, and A. Larsson, “Transverse mode selection in large-area oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a shallow surface relief,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1536–1538 (1999).
[Crossref]

Vysotsky, D. V.

L. Bao, N. H. Kim, L. J. Mawst, N. N. Elkin, V. N. Troshchieva, D. V. Vysotsky, and A. P. Napartovich, “Single-mode emission from vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-index defects,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(2–4), 239–241 (2007).
[Crossref]

Willemsen, M.B.

D. Debernardi, G. Bava, F. di Sopra, and M.B. Willemsen, “Features of Vectorial Modes in Phase-Coupled VCSEL Arrays: Experiment and Theory,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 109–119 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wullert, J.

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

Xing, M. X.

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Yang, Y. J.

J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
[Crossref]

Yariv, A.

E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
[Crossref]

Yen, J. L.

J. W. Shi, J. L. Yen, C. H. Jiang, K. M. Chen, T. J. Hung, and Y. J. Yang, “Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with high-power and single-spot far-field distributions at 850-nm wavelength by use of petal-shaped light-emitting apertures,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1–4), 481–483 (2006).
[Crossref]

Young, E. W.

E. W. Young, K. D. Choquette, S. L. Chuang, K. M. Geib, A. J. Fischer, and A. A. Allerman, “Single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity lasers under continuous and pulsed operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(9), 927–929 (2001).
[Crossref]

Zheng, W. H.

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhou, D.

D. Zhou and L. J. Mawst, “Two-dimensional phase-locked antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(15), 2307–2309 (2000).
[Crossref]

Zhou, W. J.

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (8)

M. Orenstein, E. Kapon, N. G. Stoffel, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and J. Wullert, “2-dimensional Phase-locked Arrays of Vertical-cavity Semiconductor-lasers By Mirror Reflectivity Modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(8), 804–806 (1991).
[Crossref]

A. J. Liu, W. Chen, M. X. Xing, W. J. Zhou, H. W. Qu, and W. H. Zheng, “Phase-locked ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 151103 (2010).
[Crossref]

D. K. Serkland, K. D. Choquette, G. R. Hadley, K. M. Geib, and A. A. Allerman, “Two-element phased array of antiguided vertical-cavity lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(24), 3754–3756 (1999).
[Crossref]

D. Zhou and L. J. Mawst, “Two-dimensional phase-locked antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(15), 2307–2309 (2000).
[Crossref]

D. E. Ackley and R. W. H. Engelmann, “Twin-stripe Injection-laser With Leaky-mode Coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 37(10), 866–868 (1980).
[Crossref]

E. Kapon, C. Lindsey, J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, “Coupling Mechanism of Gain-guided Integrated Semiconductor-laser Arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(4), 389–391 (1984).
[Crossref]

D. S. Song, S. H. Kim, H. G. Park, C. K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, “Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(21), 3901–3903 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. Furukawa, S. Sasaki, M. Hoshi, A. Matsuzono, K. Moritoh, and T. Baba, “High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(22), 5161–5163 (2004).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (1)

M. Arzberger, M. Lohner, G. Bohm, and M. C. Amann, “Low-resistivity p-side contacts for InP-based devices using buried InGaAs tunnel junction,” Electron. Lett. 36(1), 87–88 (2000).
[Crossref]

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Opt. Express (2)

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Left panel: 2×2 VCSEL array structure with definition of gain (square tunnel aperture of side length sTJ = 10μm) and refractive index profile (pixel of side length sP = 5μm) on separate vertical layers. Right panel: Vertical refractive index profile and electric field distribution inside a plain not patterned cavity.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Light-voltage versus current characteristic of a coupled 2x2 VCSEL array with a pixel separation of g = 250 nm. (b) Corresponding near field (left column), far field (middle column) and emission spectra (right column) for injection currents of 1, 3, 5, and 14 mW.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Spectra and near field intensity distributions of the oscillating modes for two nominally identical devices (a) and (b) from different locations on the wafer with a pixel separation of g = 250 nm at an injection current of 14 mA. The near field intensity distributions were plotted in linear scale, using the full colour range shown.

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