In-line flat-top comb filter based on a cascaded all-solid photonic bandgap fiber intermodal interferometer

Youfu Geng; Xuejin Li; Xiaoling Tan; Yuanlong Deng; Yongqin Yu

doi:10.1364/OE.21.017352

In-line flat-top comb filter based on a cascaded all-solid photonic bandgap fiber intermodal interferometer

Youfu Geng, Xuejin Li, Xiaoling Tan, Yuanlong Deng, and Yongqin Yu

Optics Express
Vol. 21,
Issue 14,
pp. 17352-17358
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.017352

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Youfu Geng, Xuejin Li, Xiaoling Tan, Yuanlong Deng, and Yongqin Yu, "In-line flat-top comb filter based on a cascaded all-solid photonic bandgap fiber intermodal interferometer," Opt. Express 21, 17352-17358 (2013)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Fiber optics sensors (060.2370)
- Photonic crystal fibers (060.5295)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 25, 2013
- Revised Manuscript: June 19, 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: July 3, 2013
- Published: July 12, 2013

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Open Access

Abstract

In this paper, an in-line comb filter with flat-top spectral response is proposed and constructed based on a cascaded all-solid photonic bandgap fiber modal interferometer. It consists of two short pieces of all-solid photonic bandgap fiber and two standard single-mode fibers as lead fibers with core-offset splices between them. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that by employing a cut and resplice process on the central position of all-solid photonic bandgap fiber, the interference spectra are well tailored and flat-top spectral profiles could be realized by the controllable offset amount of the resplice. The channel position also could be tuned by applying longitudinal torsion with up to 4 nm tuning range. Such a flat-top fiber comb filter is easy-to-fabricate and with a designable passband width and flat-top profile.

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References

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|
Author
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Publication

J. F. Song, Q. Fang, S. H. Tao, M. B. Yu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon Nitride-based compact double-ring resonator comb filter with flat-top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(24), 2156–2158 (2008).
[Crossref]
C. H. Hsieh, R. Wang, Z. Wen, I. McMichael, P. Yeh, C. W. Lee, and W. H. Cheng, “Flat-top interleavers using two Gires-Tournois etalons as phase dispersive mirrors in a Michelson interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(2), 242–244 (2003).
[Crossref]
X. W. Shu, K. Sugden, and I. Bennion, “Novel multipassband optical filter using all-fiber Michelson-Gires-Tournois structure,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(2), 384–386 (2005).
[Crossref]
C. W. Lee, R. Wang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4636–4643 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. W. Lee, H. T. Kim, J. Jung, and B. H. Lee, “Wavelength-switchable flat-top fiber comb filter based on a Solc type birefringence combination,” Opt. Express 13(3), 1039–1048 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Q. Wu, P. L. Chu, H. P. Chan, and B. P. Pal, “Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(12), 2619–2621 (2005).
[Crossref]
Z. Luo, W. Cao, A. Luo, and W. Xu, “Polarization-independent, multifunctional all-fiber comb filter using variable ratio coupler-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(12), 1857–1862 (2012).
[Crossref]
Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Soh, “All-fiber 3×3 interleaver design with flat-top passband,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(1), 168–170 (2004).
[Crossref]
A. P. Luo, Z. C. Luo, W. C. Xu, and H. Cui, “Wavelength switchable flat-top all-fiber comb filter based on a double-loop Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Opt. Express 18(6), 6056–6063 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Derevyanko, “Design of a flat-top fiber Bragg filter via quasi-random modulation of the refractive index,” Opt. Lett. 33(20), 2404–2406 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Geng, X. Li, X. Tan, Y. Deng, and Y. Yu, “A cascaded photonic crystal ﬁber Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by extra electric arc discharges,” Appl. Phys. B 102(3), 595–599 (2011).
[Crossref]
Z. Tian and S. H. Yam, “In-line single-mode optical fiber interferometric refractive index sensors,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(13), 2296–2306 (2009).
[Crossref]
G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Geng, X. Li, X. Tan, Y. Deng, and Y. Yu, “Sensitivity-enhanced high-temperature sensing using all-solid photonic bandgap fiber modal interference,” Appl. Opt. 50(4), 468–472 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (1)

Z. Luo, W. Cao, A. Luo, and W. Xu, “Polarization-independent, multifunctional all-fiber comb filter using variable ratio coupler-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(12), 1857–1862 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

Y. Geng, X. Li, X. Tan, Y. Deng, and Y. Yu, “A cascaded photonic crystal ﬁber Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by extra electric arc discharges,” Appl. Phys. B 102(3), 595–599 (2011).
[Crossref]

Y. Geng, X. Li, X. Tan, Y. Deng, and Y. Yu, “Sensitivity-enhanced high-temperature sensing using all-solid photonic bandgap fiber modal interference,” Appl. Opt. 50(4), 468–472 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. F. Song, Q. Fang, S. H. Tao, M. B. Yu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon Nitride-based compact double-ring resonator comb filter with flat-top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(24), 2156–2158 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (1)

C. W. Lee, R. Wang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4636–4643 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (3)

Y. W. Lee, H. T. Kim, J. Jung, and B. H. Lee, “Wavelength-switchable flat-top fiber comb filter based on a Solc type birefringence combination,” Opt. Express 13(3), 1039–1048 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Wu, P. L. Chu, H. P. Chan, and B. P. Pal, “Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(12), 2619–2621 (2005).
[Crossref]

X. W. Shu, K. Sugden, and I. Bennion, “Novel multipassband optical filter using all-fiber Michelson-Gires-Tournois structure,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(2), 384–386 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Soh, “All-fiber 3×3 interleaver design with flat-top passband,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(1), 168–170 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

C. H. Hsieh, R. Wang, Z. Wen, I. McMichael, P. Yeh, C. W. Lee, and W. H. Cheng, “Flat-top interleavers using two Gires-Tournois etalons as phase dispersive mirrors in a Michelson interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(2), 242–244 (2003).
[Crossref]

Bennion, I.

X. W. Shu, K. Sugden, and I. Bennion, “Novel multipassband optical filter using all-fiber Michelson-Gires-Tournois structure,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(2), 384–386 (2005).
[Crossref]

Cao, W.

Chan, H. P.

Q. Wu, P. L. Chu, H. P. Chan, and B. P. Pal, “Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(12), 2619–2621 (2005).
[Crossref]

Cheng, W. H.

C. W. Lee, R. Wang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4636–4643 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chu, P. L.

Q. Wu, P. L. Chu, H. P. Chan, and B. P. Pal, “Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(12), 2619–2621 (2005).
[Crossref]

Cui, H.

Deng, Y.

Derevyanko, S.

S. Derevyanko, “Design of a flat-top fiber Bragg filter via quasi-random modulation of the refractive index,” Opt. Lett. 33(20), 2404–2406 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fang, Q.

Geng, Y.

Hsieh, C. H.

Jung, J.

Kim, H. T.

Kwong, D. L.

Lee, B. H.

Lee, C. W.

C. W. Lee, R. Wang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4636–4643 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, Y. W.

Li, X.

Lo, G. Q.

Luo, A.

Luo, A. P.

Luo, J.

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Luo, Z.

Luo, Z. C.

McMichael, I.

Pal, B. P.

Q. Wu, P. L. Chu, H. P. Chan, and B. P. Pal, “Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(12), 2619–2621 (2005).
[Crossref]

Ren, G. B.

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shu, X. W.

X. W. Shu, K. Sugden, and I. Bennion, “Novel multipassband optical filter using all-fiber Michelson-Gires-Tournois structure,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(2), 384–386 (2005).
[Crossref]

Shum, P.

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Soh, Y.

Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Soh, “All-fiber 3×3 interleaver design with flat-top passband,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(1), 168–170 (2004).
[Crossref]

Song, J. F.

Sugden, K.

X. W. Shu, K. Sugden, and I. Bennion, “Novel multipassband optical filter using all-fiber Michelson-Gires-Tournois structure,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(2), 384–386 (2005).
[Crossref]

Tan, X.

Tao, S. H.

Tian, Z.

Z. Tian and S. H. Yam, “In-line single-mode optical fiber interferometric refractive index sensors,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(13), 2296–2306 (2009).
[Crossref]

Tong, W. J.

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, Q.

Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Soh, “All-fiber 3×3 interleaver design with flat-top passband,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(1), 168–170 (2004).
[Crossref]

Wang, R.

C. W. Lee, R. Wang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4636–4643 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wen, Z.

Wu, Q.

Q. Wu, P. L. Chu, H. P. Chan, and B. P. Pal, “Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(12), 2619–2621 (2005).
[Crossref]

Xu, W.

Xu, W. C.

Yam, S. H.

Z. Tian and S. H. Yam, “In-line single-mode optical fiber interferometric refractive index sensors,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(13), 2296–2306 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yeh, P.

C. W. Lee, R. Wang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4636–4643 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, M. B.

Yu, X.

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, Y.

Zhang, L. R.

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Y.

Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Soh, “All-fiber 3×3 interleaver design with flat-top passband,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(1), 168–170 (2004).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. B (1)

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (5)

X. W. Shu, K. Sugden, and I. Bennion, “Novel multipassband optical filter using all-fiber Michelson-Gires-Tournois structure,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(2), 384–386 (2005).
[Crossref]

Q. Wu, P. L. Chu, H. P. Chan, and B. P. Pal, “Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(12), 2619–2621 (2005).
[Crossref]

Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Soh, “All-fiber 3×3 interleaver design with flat-top passband,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(1), 168–170 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (2)

Z. Tian and S. H. Yam, “In-line single-mode optical fiber interferometric refractive index sensors,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(13), 2296–2306 (2009).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (3)

C. W. Lee, R. Wang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4636–4643 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (2)

S. Derevyanko, “Design of a flat-top fiber Bragg filter via quasi-random modulation of the refractive index,” Opt. Lett. 33(20), 2404–2406 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. B. Ren, P. Shum, L. R. Zhang, X. Yu, W. J. Tong, and J. Luo, “Low-loss all-solid photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(9), 1023–1025 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Fig. 1 Schematic of the cascaded AS-PBF-based MZI.

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Fig. 2 Theoretical transmission spectra of a cascaded AS-PBF-based MZI with different offset amount of splice 3.

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Fig. 3 (a) cross section of AS-PBF and enlarged unit cell of high-index rod; (b), (c) and (d) are the x- and y-axis side views of splice 1, splice 3 and splice 2, respectively; (e) schematic of experimental setup with cascaded AS-PBF MZI.

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Fig. 4 (a) Evolution of the interference spectra with different core offset amount in butt-coupled position 3; (b) FFT spatial spectra with different core-offset amount in butt-coupled position 3, and the inset is an enlarged view from 1538 to 1542 nm with different offset amount

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Fig. 5 (a) Output spectrum of the AS-PBF-MZI-based comb filter; (b) Expanded view of optical channels from 1525 nm to 1585 nm.

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Fig. 6 (a) Filter spectra with longitudinal strains of 0 and 1850 µε, respectively; (b) Temperature response and tunable channel characteristic of the comb filter with AS-PBF length of 158 mm.

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Fig. 7 Wavelengths shift with time for the dips at 1539.80nm, 1547.70nm and 1569.65nm

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Tables (1)

Table 1 optical properties of AS-PBF-MZI-based comb filter.

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Equations (4)

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E_{3} (r) = \sum_{m = 1}^{2} a_{m} E_{m} (r) e^{i β_{m} l / 2}

a_{m} = \frac{\int_{0}^{\infty} E_{s} (r) E_{m} (r) r d r}{{(\int_{0}^{\infty} {| E_{s} (r) |}^{2} r d r \int_{0}^{\infty} {| E_{m} (r) |}^{2} r d r)}^{1 / 2}}

E_{2} (r) = \sum_{m = 1}^{2} \sum_{p = 1}^{2} b_{m} E_{m} (r) e^{i (β_{m} + β_{p}) l / 2}

I = I_{01} + I_{11} + 2 \sqrt{I_{01} I_{11}} [(1 - η) \cos (φ + 2 π) + η \cos (φ^{'} + 3 π)]

Channel	1	2	3	4
Center wavelength(nm)	1532.30	1547.23	1562.48	1577.51
Insertion loss(dB)	4.24	4.05	4.25	4.10
1-dB passband(nm)	7.68	7.96	7.71	8.14
3-dB passband(nm)	9.97	10.62	10.17	10.42
In-band ripple(dB)	0.65	0.58	0.68	0.49

Abstract

References

2012 (1)

2011 (2)

2010 (1)

2009 (1)

2008 (2)

2007 (1)

2006 (1)

2005 (3)

2004 (1)

2003 (1)

Bennion, I.

Cao, W.

Chan, H. P.

Cheng, W. H.

Chu, P. L.

Cui, H.

Deng, Y.

Derevyanko, S.

Fang, Q.

Geng, Y.

Hsieh, C. H.

Jung, J.

Kim, H. T.

Kwong, D. L.

Lee, B. H.

Lee, C. W.

Lee, Y. W.

Li, X.

Lo, G. Q.

Luo, A.

Luo, A. P.

Luo, J.

Luo, Z.

Luo, Z. C.

McMichael, I.

Pal, B. P.

Ren, G. B.

Shu, X. W.

Shum, P.

Soh, Y.

Song, J. F.

Sugden, K.

Tan, X.

Tao, S. H.

Tian, Z.

Tong, W. J.

Wang, Q.

Wang, R.

Wen, Z.

Wu, Q.

Xu, W.

Xu, W. C.

Yam, S. H.

Yeh, P.

Yu, M. B.

Yu, X.

Yu, Y.

Zhang, L. R.

Zhang, Y.

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. B (1)

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (5)

J. Lightwave Technol. (2)

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (2)

Cited By

Figures (7)

Tables (1)

Equations (4)

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