Abstract

We demonstrate a novel time domain timing jitter characterization method for ultra-low noise mode-locked lasers. An asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) technique is employed, allowing timing jitter statistics on a magnified timescale. As a result, sub femtosecond period jitter of an optical pulse train can be readily accessible to slow detectors and electronics (~100 MHz). The concept is applied to determine the quantum-limited timing jitter for a passively mode-locked Er-fiber laser. Period jitter histogram is acquired following an eye diagram analysis routinely used in electronics. The identified diffusion constant for pulse timing agrees well with analytical solution of perturbed master equation.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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References

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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. J. Benedick, J. G. Fujimoto, and F. X. Kärtner, “Optical flywheels with attosecond jitter,” Nat. Photonics 6(2), 97–100 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  5. E. Portuondo-Campa, R. Paschotta, and S. Lecomte, “Sub-100 attosecond timing jitter from low-noise passively mode-locked solid-state laser at telecom wavelength,” Opt. Lett. 38(15), 2650–2653 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. N. Kuse, J. Jiang, C. C. Lee, T. R. Schibli, and M. E. Fermann, “All polarization-maintaining Er fiber-based optical frequency combs with nonlinear amplifying loop mirror,” Opt. Express 24(3), 3095–3102 (2016).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. S. Namiki and H. A. Haus, “Noise of the stretched pulse fiber lasers: Part I-Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(5), 649–659 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  8. J. Kim, J. A. Cox, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Drift-free femtosecond timing synchronization of remote optical and microwave sources,” Nat. Photonics 2(12), 733–736 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  9. A. Khilo, S. J. Spector, M. E. Grein, A. H. Nejadmalayeri, C. W. Holzwarth, M. Y. Sander, M. S. Dahlem, M. Y. Peng, M. W. Geis, N. A. DiLello, J. U. Yoon, A. Motamedi, J. S. Orcutt, J. P. Wang, C. M. Sorace-Agaskar, M. A. Popović, J. Sun, G. R. Zhou, H. Byun, J. Chen, J. L. Hoyt, H. I. Smith, R. J. Ram, M. Perrott, T. M. Lyszczarz, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Photonic ADC: overcoming the bottleneck of electronic jitter,” Opt. Express 20(4), 4454–4469 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Nenadovic, and N. R. Newbury, “Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 351–356 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  11. H. Shi, Y. Song, F. Liang, L. Xu, M. Hu, and C. Wang, “Effect of timing jitter on time-of-flight distance measurements using dual femtosecond lasers,” Opt. Express 23(11), 14057–14069 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. J. A. Cox, W. P. Putnam, A. Sell, A. Leitenstorfer, and F. X. Kärtner, “Pulse synthesis in the single-cycle regime from independent mode-locked lasers using attosecond-precision feedback,” Opt. Lett. 37(17), 3579–3581 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. F. Quinlan, T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, J. A. Taylor, M. J. Thorpe, N. Lemke, A. D. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, and S. A. Diddams, “Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider,” Opt. Lett. 36(16), 3260–3262 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. R. P. Scott, C. Langrock, and B. H. Kolner, “High-dynamic-range laser amplitude and phase noise measurement techniques,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(4), 641–655 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  15. O. Prochnow, R. Paschotta, E. Benkler, U. Morgner, J. Neumann, D. Wandt, and D. Kracht, “Quantum-limited noise performance of a femtosecond all-fiber ytterbium laser,” Opt. Express 17(18), 15525–15533 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. C. Ouyang, P. Shum, H. Wang, J. Haur Wong, K. Wu, S. Fu, R. Li, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. I. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Observation of timing jitter reduction induced by spectral filtering in a fiber laser mode locked with a carbon nanotube-based saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 35(14), 2320–2322 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. H. Byun, D. Pudo, J. Chen, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “High-repetition-rate, 491 MHz, femtosecond fiber laser with low timing jitter,” Opt. Lett. 33(19), 2221–2223 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. L. A. Jiang, S. T. Wong, M. E. Grein, E. P. Ippen, and H. A. Haus, “Measuring timing jitter with optical cross correlations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(8), 1047–1052 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  19. T. R. Schibli, J. Kim, O. Kuzucu, J. T. Gopinath, S. N. Tandon, G. S. Petrich, L. A. Kolodziejski, J. G. Fujimoto, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kaertner, “Attosecond active synchronization of passively mode-locked lasers by balanced cross correlation,” Opt. Lett. 28(11), 947–949 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. J. Kim, J. Chen, J. Cox, and F. X. Kärtner, “Attosecond-resolution timing jitter characterization of free-running mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 32(24), 3519–3521 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. D. Hou, C.-C. Lee, Z. Yang, and T. R. Schibli, “Timing jitter characterization of mode-locked lasers with <1 zs/√Hz resolution using a simple optical heterodyne technique,” Opt. Lett. 40(13), 2985–2988 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  22. K. Jung and J. Kim, “All-fibre photonic signal generator for attosecond timing and ultralow-noise microwave,” Sci. Rep. 5, 16250 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. J. Kim and Y. J. Song, “Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(3), 465–540 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  24. P. A. Elzinga, R. J. Kneisler, F. E. Lytle, Y. Jiang, G. B. King, and N. M. Laurendeau, “Pump/probe method for fast analysis of visible spectral signatures utilizing asynchronous optical sampling,” Appl. Opt. 26(19), 4303–4309 (1987).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. R. Gebs, G. Klatt, C. Janke, T. Dekorsy, and A. Bartels, “High-speed asynchronous optical sampling with sub-50fs time resolution,” Opt. Express 18(6), 5974–5983 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. H. Zhang, H. Wei, X. Wu, H. Yang, and Y. Li, “Absolute distance measurement by dual-comb nonlinear asynchronous optical sampling,” Opt. Express 22(6), 6597–6604 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. P. Qin, Y. Song, H. Kim, J. Shin, D. Kwon, M. Hu, C. Wang, and J. Kim, “Reduction of timing jitter and intensity noise in normal-dispersion passively mode-locked fiber lasers by narrow band-pass filtering,” Opt. Express 22(23), 28276–28283 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2016 (2)

N. Kuse, J. Jiang, C. C. Lee, T. R. Schibli, and M. E. Fermann, “All polarization-maintaining Er fiber-based optical frequency combs with nonlinear amplifying loop mirror,” Opt. Express 24(3), 3095–3102 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Kim and Y. J. Song, “Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(3), 465–540 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (3)

2014 (2)

2013 (1)

2012 (3)

2011 (2)

2010 (2)

2009 (2)

O. Prochnow, R. Paschotta, E. Benkler, U. Morgner, J. Neumann, D. Wandt, and D. Kracht, “Quantum-limited noise performance of a femtosecond all-fiber ytterbium laser,” Opt. Express 17(18), 15525–15533 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Nenadovic, and N. R. Newbury, “Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 351–356 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (2)

J. Kim, J. A. Cox, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Drift-free femtosecond timing synchronization of remote optical and microwave sources,” Nat. Photonics 2(12), 733–736 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Byun, D. Pudo, J. Chen, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “High-repetition-rate, 491 MHz, femtosecond fiber laser with low timing jitter,” Opt. Lett. 33(19), 2221–2223 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

2003 (1)

2002 (1)

L. A. Jiang, S. T. Wong, M. E. Grein, E. P. Ippen, and H. A. Haus, “Measuring timing jitter with optical cross correlations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(8), 1047–1052 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

R. P. Scott, C. Langrock, and B. H. Kolner, “High-dynamic-range laser amplitude and phase noise measurement techniques,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(4), 641–655 (2001).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

S. Namiki and H. A. Haus, “Noise of the stretched pulse fiber lasers: Part I-Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(5), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

1987 (1)

Bartels, A.

Benedick, J.

J. Benedick, J. G. Fujimoto, and F. X. Kärtner, “Optical flywheels with attosecond jitter,” Nat. Photonics 6(2), 97–100 (2012).
[Crossref]

Benkler, E.

Byun, H.

Chen, J.

Chernov, A. I.

Coddington, I.

I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Nenadovic, and N. R. Newbury, “Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 351–356 (2009).
[Crossref]

Cox, J.

Cox, J. A.

J. A. Cox, W. P. Putnam, A. Sell, A. Leitenstorfer, and F. X. Kärtner, “Pulse synthesis in the single-cycle regime from independent mode-locked lasers using attosecond-precision feedback,” Opt. Lett. 37(17), 3579–3581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Kim, J. A. Cox, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Drift-free femtosecond timing synchronization of remote optical and microwave sources,” Nat. Photonics 2(12), 733–736 (2008).
[Crossref]

Dahlem, M. S.

Dekorsy, T.

Diddams, S. A.

DiLello, N. A.

Elzinga, P. A.

Fermann, M. E.

Fortier, T. M.

Fu, S.

Fujimoto, J. G.

Gebs, R.

Geis, M. W.

Gopinath, J. T.

Grein, M. E.

Haur Wong, J.

Haus, H. A.

L. A. Jiang, S. T. Wong, M. E. Grein, E. P. Ippen, and H. A. Haus, “Measuring timing jitter with optical cross correlations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(8), 1047–1052 (2002).
[Crossref]

S. Namiki and H. A. Haus, “Noise of the stretched pulse fiber lasers: Part I-Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(5), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

Holzwarth, C. W.

Hou, D.

Hoyt, J. L.

Hu, M.

Ippen, E. P.

Janke, C.

Jiang, J.

Jiang, L. A.

L. A. Jiang, S. T. Wong, M. E. Grein, E. P. Ippen, and H. A. Haus, “Measuring timing jitter with optical cross correlations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(8), 1047–1052 (2002).
[Crossref]

Jiang, Y.

Jung, K.

Kaertner, F. X.

Kärtner, F. X.

Kelleher, E. J. R.

Khilo, A.

Kim, C.

Kim, H.

Kim, J.

J. Kim and Y. J. Song, “Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(3), 465–540 (2016).
[Crossref]

K. Jung and J. Kim, “All-fibre photonic signal generator for attosecond timing and ultralow-noise microwave,” Sci. Rep. 5, 16250 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Qin, Y. Song, H. Kim, J. Shin, D. Kwon, M. Hu, C. Wang, and J. Kim, “Reduction of timing jitter and intensity noise in normal-dispersion passively mode-locked fiber lasers by narrow band-pass filtering,” Opt. Express 22(23), 28276–28283 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. K. Kim, Y. Song, K. Jung, C. Kim, H. Kim, C. H. Nam, and J. Kim, “Sub-100-as timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode-locked Er-fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 36(22), 4443–4445 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Kim, J. A. Cox, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Drift-free femtosecond timing synchronization of remote optical and microwave sources,” Nat. Photonics 2(12), 733–736 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Kim, J. Chen, J. Cox, and F. X. Kärtner, “Attosecond-resolution timing jitter characterization of free-running mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 32(24), 3519–3521 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. R. Schibli, J. Kim, O. Kuzucu, J. T. Gopinath, S. N. Tandon, G. S. Petrich, L. A. Kolodziejski, J. G. Fujimoto, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kaertner, “Attosecond active synchronization of passively mode-locked lasers by balanced cross correlation,” Opt. Lett. 28(11), 947–949 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, T. K.

King, G. B.

Kirchner, M. S.

Klatt, G.

Kneisler, R. J.

Kolner, B. H.

R. P. Scott, C. Langrock, and B. H. Kolner, “High-dynamic-range laser amplitude and phase noise measurement techniques,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(4), 641–655 (2001).
[Crossref]

Kolodziejski, L. A.

Kracht, D.

Kuse, N.

Kuzucu, O.

Kwon, D.

Langrock, C.

R. P. Scott, C. Langrock, and B. H. Kolner, “High-dynamic-range laser amplitude and phase noise measurement techniques,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(4), 641–655 (2001).
[Crossref]

Laurendeau, N. M.

Lecomte, S.

Lee, C. C.

Lee, C.-C.

Leitenstorfer, A.

Lemke, N.

Li, R.

Li, Y.

Liang, F.

Ludlow, A. D.

Lyszczarz, T. M.

Lytle, F. E.

Maleki, L.

Morgner, U.

Motamedi, A.

Nam, C. H.

Namiki, S.

S. Namiki and H. A. Haus, “Noise of the stretched pulse fiber lasers: Part I-Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(5), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

Nejadmalayeri, A. H.

Nenadovic, L.

I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Nenadovic, and N. R. Newbury, “Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 351–356 (2009).
[Crossref]

Neumann, J.

Newbury, N. R.

I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Nenadovic, and N. R. Newbury, “Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 351–356 (2009).
[Crossref]

Obraztsova, E. D.

Orcutt, J. S.

Ouyang, C.

Paschotta, R.

Peng, M. Y.

Perrott, M.

Petrich, G. S.

Popovic, M. A.

Portuondo-Campa, E.

Prochnow, O.

Pudo, D.

Putnam, W. P.

Qin, P.

Quinlan, F.

Ram, R. J.

Sander, M. Y.

Schibli, T. R.

Scott, R. P.

R. P. Scott, C. Langrock, and B. H. Kolner, “High-dynamic-range laser amplitude and phase noise measurement techniques,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(4), 641–655 (2001).
[Crossref]

Sell, A.

Shi, H.

Shin, J.

Shum, P.

Smith, H. I.

Song, Y.

Song, Y. J.

J. Kim and Y. J. Song, “Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(3), 465–540 (2016).
[Crossref]

Sorace-Agaskar, C. M.

Spector, S. J.

Sun, J.

Swann, W. C.

I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Nenadovic, and N. R. Newbury, “Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 351–356 (2009).
[Crossref]

Tandon, S. N.

Taylor, J. A.

Thorpe, M. J.

Wandt, D.

Wang, C.

Wang, H.

Wang, J. P.

Wei, H.

Wong, S. T.

L. A. Jiang, S. T. Wong, M. E. Grein, E. P. Ippen, and H. A. Haus, “Measuring timing jitter with optical cross correlations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(8), 1047–1052 (2002).
[Crossref]

Wu, K.

Wu, X.

Xu, L.

Yang, H.

Yang, Z.

Yao, X. S.

Yoon, J. U.

Zhang, H.

Zhou, G. R.

Adv. Opt. Photonics (1)

J. Kim and Y. J. Song, “Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(3), 465–540 (2016).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (2)

S. Namiki and H. A. Haus, “Noise of the stretched pulse fiber lasers: Part I-Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(5), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

L. A. Jiang, S. T. Wong, M. E. Grein, E. P. Ippen, and H. A. Haus, “Measuring timing jitter with optical cross correlations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(8), 1047–1052 (2002).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

R. P. Scott, C. Langrock, and B. H. Kolner, “High-dynamic-range laser amplitude and phase noise measurement techniques,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(4), 641–655 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Nat. Photonics (3)

J. Kim, J. A. Cox, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Drift-free femtosecond timing synchronization of remote optical and microwave sources,” Nat. Photonics 2(12), 733–736 (2008).
[Crossref]

I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Nenadovic, and N. R. Newbury, “Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 351–356 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Benedick, J. G. Fujimoto, and F. X. Kärtner, “Optical flywheels with attosecond jitter,” Nat. Photonics 6(2), 97–100 (2012).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (7)

A. Khilo, S. J. Spector, M. E. Grein, A. H. Nejadmalayeri, C. W. Holzwarth, M. Y. Sander, M. S. Dahlem, M. Y. Peng, M. W. Geis, N. A. DiLello, J. U. Yoon, A. Motamedi, J. S. Orcutt, J. P. Wang, C. M. Sorace-Agaskar, M. A. Popović, J. Sun, G. R. Zhou, H. Byun, J. Chen, J. L. Hoyt, H. I. Smith, R. J. Ram, M. Perrott, T. M. Lyszczarz, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Photonic ADC: overcoming the bottleneck of electronic jitter,” Opt. Express 20(4), 4454–4469 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Zhang, H. Wei, X. Wu, H. Yang, and Y. Li, “Absolute distance measurement by dual-comb nonlinear asynchronous optical sampling,” Opt. Express 22(6), 6597–6604 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Shi, Y. Song, F. Liang, L. Xu, M. Hu, and C. Wang, “Effect of timing jitter on time-of-flight distance measurements using dual femtosecond lasers,” Opt. Express 23(11), 14057–14069 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Prochnow, R. Paschotta, E. Benkler, U. Morgner, J. Neumann, D. Wandt, and D. Kracht, “Quantum-limited noise performance of a femtosecond all-fiber ytterbium laser,” Opt. Express 17(18), 15525–15533 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Qin, Y. Song, H. Kim, J. Shin, D. Kwon, M. Hu, C. Wang, and J. Kim, “Reduction of timing jitter and intensity noise in normal-dispersion passively mode-locked fiber lasers by narrow band-pass filtering,” Opt. Express 22(23), 28276–28283 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Kuse, J. Jiang, C. C. Lee, T. R. Schibli, and M. E. Fermann, “All polarization-maintaining Er fiber-based optical frequency combs with nonlinear amplifying loop mirror,” Opt. Express 24(3), 3095–3102 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Gebs, G. Klatt, C. Janke, T. Dekorsy, and A. Bartels, “High-speed asynchronous optical sampling with sub-50fs time resolution,” Opt. Express 18(6), 5974–5983 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (9)

T. K. Kim, Y. Song, K. Jung, C. Kim, H. Kim, C. H. Nam, and J. Kim, “Sub-100-as timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode-locked Er-fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 36(22), 4443–4445 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Byun, D. Pudo, J. Chen, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “High-repetition-rate, 491 MHz, femtosecond fiber laser with low timing jitter,” Opt. Lett. 33(19), 2221–2223 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Quinlan, T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, J. A. Taylor, M. J. Thorpe, N. Lemke, A. D. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, and S. A. Diddams, “Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider,” Opt. Lett. 36(16), 3260–3262 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. A. Cox, W. P. Putnam, A. Sell, A. Leitenstorfer, and F. X. Kärtner, “Pulse synthesis in the single-cycle regime from independent mode-locked lasers using attosecond-precision feedback,” Opt. Lett. 37(17), 3579–3581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Portuondo-Campa, R. Paschotta, and S. Lecomte, “Sub-100 attosecond timing jitter from low-noise passively mode-locked solid-state laser at telecom wavelength,” Opt. Lett. 38(15), 2650–2653 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Hou, C.-C. Lee, Z. Yang, and T. R. Schibli, “Timing jitter characterization of mode-locked lasers with <1 zs/√Hz resolution using a simple optical heterodyne technique,” Opt. Lett. 40(13), 2985–2988 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. R. Schibli, J. Kim, O. Kuzucu, J. T. Gopinath, S. N. Tandon, G. S. Petrich, L. A. Kolodziejski, J. G. Fujimoto, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kaertner, “Attosecond active synchronization of passively mode-locked lasers by balanced cross correlation,” Opt. Lett. 28(11), 947–949 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Kim, J. Chen, J. Cox, and F. X. Kärtner, “Attosecond-resolution timing jitter characterization of free-running mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 32(24), 3519–3521 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Ouyang, P. Shum, H. Wang, J. Haur Wong, K. Wu, S. Fu, R. Li, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. I. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Observation of timing jitter reduction induced by spectral filtering in a fiber laser mode locked with a carbon nanotube-based saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett. 35(14), 2320–2322 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sci. Rep. (1)

K. Jung and J. Kim, “All-fibre photonic signal generator for attosecond timing and ultralow-noise microwave,” Sci. Rep. 5, 16250 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

E. Rubiola, Phase Noise and Frequency Stability in Oscillators, The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series (Cambridge University, 2009).

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Concept of timing jitter measurement based on ASOPS in time domain. The solid (dotted) pulses illustrate the ASOPS process without (with) LUT timing jitter.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Superimposed waveforms of a series of 4000 stretched pulse pairs aligned by the front pulses. The inset shows the cross section of the overlapped rear pulses, revealing timing error histogram.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Schematic of the timing jitter measurement based on ASOPS in time domain. The repetition rates are ~100 MHz. The 5th harmonic of repetition rate in LUT is photo-detected and phase-locked to signal generator 1 (SG1), while the offset repetition rate between the 10th harmonic of the two lasers are phase locked to signal generator 2 (SG2). The inset shows a full LUT pulse pair acquired by digitizer in a stretched timescale. BPF, band pass filter; HWP, half wavelength plate; LPF, low pass filter; PBS, polarizing beam splitter; QWP, quarter wavelength plate.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Experimental results at a fixed offset repetition rate of 2 kHz. (a). The obtained STDEV of visual timing jitter versus tp. The inset shows typical jitter histogram of the measured T p . (b). The retrieved period jitter STDEV of LUT versus tp. The inset shows the estimated jitter PSD and the comparison with analytical model.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 The measurement results obtained under 1.5 kHz and 2 kHz offset repetition rate. (a) The measured visual timing jitter STDEV (upper) and the calculated optical period jitter (bottom) versus tp. (b) The lowest measurable period jitter versus various Δfr and tp when σe = 0.35 ns.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Experimental results by using free running lasers at a flexible offset repetition rate of ~2 kHz. (a). The obtained STDEV of visual timing jitter versus tp. The inset shows a typical jitter histogram of the measured T p . (b). The retrieved period jitter STDEV of LUT versus tp.

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Equations (2)

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σ 2 = N 2 ⋅ ( M σ 0 2 ) ≈ t p ⋅ f r   4 Δ f r   3 ⋅ σ 0 2 ,
σ 0 r = σ e × 1 t p × Δ f r 3 f r 4

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