Abstract

Current compact lensless holographic microscopes are based on either multiple angle in-line holograms, multiple wavelength illumination or a combination thereof. Complex computational algorithms are necessary to retrieve the phase image which slows down the visualization of the image. Here we propose a simple compact lensless transmission holographic microscope with an off-axis configuration which simplifies considerably the computational processing to visualize the phase images and opens the possibility of real time phase imaging using off the shelf smart phone processors and less than $3 worth of optics and detectors, suitable for broad educational dissemination. This is achieved using a side illumination and analog hologram gratings to shape the reference and signal illumination beams from one light source. We demonstrate experimentally imaging of cells with a field of view (FOV) of ~12mm2, and a resolution of ~3.9μm.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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References

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2017 (4)

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Y. C. Lin, H.-C. Chen, H.-Y. Tu, C.-Y. Liu, and C.-J. Cheng, “Optically driven full-angle sample rotation for tomographic imaging in digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 42(7), 1321–1324 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Rawat, S. Komatsu, A. Markman, A. Anand, and B. Javidi, “Compact and field-portable 3D printed shearing digital holographic microscope for automated cell identification,” Appl. Opt. 56(9), D127–D133 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Rostykus, F. Soulez, M. Unser, and C. Moser, “Compact lensless phase imager,” Opt. Express 25, 241–245 (2017).

2016 (1)

2015 (2)

2013 (1)

2012 (4)

2011 (2)

B. Kemper, A. Vollmer, C. E. Rommel, J. Schnekenburger, and G. Bally, “Simplified approach for quantitative digital holographic phase contrast imaging of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(2), 026014 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, and B. Javidi, “Imaging embryonic stem cell dynamics using quantitative 3-D digital holographic microscopy,” IEEE Photonics J. 3(3), 546–554 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

M. K. Kim, “Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy,” SPIE Reviews 1, 18005 (2010).

2009 (3)

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Rappaz, E. Cano, T. Colomb, J. Kühn, C. Depeursinge, V. Simanis, P. J. Magistretti, and P. Marquet, “Noninvasive characterization of the fission yeast cell cycle by monitoring dry mass with digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034049 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Qu, C. O. Choo, V. R. Singh, Y. Yingjie, and A. Asundi, “Quasi-physical phase compensation in digital holographic microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 26(9), 2005–2011 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (1)

2006 (3)

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Charrière, A. Marian, F. Montfort, J. Kuehn, T. Colomb, E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, “Cell refractive index tomography by digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 31(2), 178–180 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (2)

2003 (1)

1999 (1)

1994 (1)

Anand, A.

S. Rawat, S. Komatsu, A. Markman, A. Anand, and B. Javidi, “Compact and field-portable 3D printed shearing digital holographic microscope for automated cell identification,” Appl. Opt. 56(9), D127–D133 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Chhaniwal, A. S. G. Singh, R. A. Leitgeb, B. Javidi, and A. Anand, “Quantitative phase-contrast imaging with compact digital holographic microscope employing Lloyd’s mirror,” Opt. Lett. 37(24), 5127–5129 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, N. R. Patel, and B. Javidi, “Automatic identification of malaria-infected RBC with digital holographic microscopy using correlation algorithms,” IEEE Photonics J. 4(5), 1456–1464 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, and B. Javidi, “Imaging embryonic stem cell dynamics using quantitative 3-D digital holographic microscopy,” IEEE Photonics J. 3(3), 546–554 (2011).
[Crossref]

Arias, Y.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Asundi, A.

Bally, G.

B. Kemper, A. Vollmer, C. E. Rommel, J. Schnekenburger, and G. Bally, “Simplified approach for quantitative digital holographic phase contrast imaging of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(2), 026014 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bernhardt, I.

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bredebusch, I.

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cano, E.

B. Rappaz, E. Cano, T. Colomb, J. Kühn, C. Depeursinge, V. Simanis, P. J. Magistretti, and P. Marquet, “Noninvasive characterization of the fission yeast cell cycle by monitoring dry mass with digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034049 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Carl, D.

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Charrière, F.

Chen, H.-C.

Cheng, C.-J.

Chhaniwal, V.

Chhaniwal, V. K.

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, N. R. Patel, and B. Javidi, “Automatic identification of malaria-infected RBC with digital holographic microscopy using correlation algorithms,” IEEE Photonics J. 4(5), 1456–1464 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, and B. Javidi, “Imaging embryonic stem cell dynamics using quantitative 3-D digital holographic microscopy,” IEEE Photonics J. 3(3), 546–554 (2011).
[Crossref]

Choo, C. O.

Colomb, T.

Coppola, G.

Cuche, E.

De Nicola, S.

Debeir, O.

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Decaestecker, C.

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Deming, J.

Depeursinge, C.

Dirksen, D.

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Domschke, W.

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dubois, F.

F. Dubois and C. Yourassowsky, “Full off-axis red-green-blue digital holographic microscope with LED illumination,” Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2190–2192 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Emery, Y.

Ferraro, P.

Finizio, A.

Frómeta, M.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Georgiev, G.

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Girshovitz, P.

Gomes, L. F.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Greenbaum, A.

W. Luo, A. Greenbaum, Y. Zhang, and A. Ozcan, “Synthetic aperture-based on-chip microscopy,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(3), e261 (2015).
[Crossref]

Ivanova, L.

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Javidi, B.

S. Rawat, S. Komatsu, A. Markman, A. Anand, and B. Javidi, “Compact and field-portable 3D printed shearing digital holographic microscope for automated cell identification,” Appl. Opt. 56(9), D127–D133 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Chhaniwal, A. S. G. Singh, R. A. Leitgeb, B. Javidi, and A. Anand, “Quantitative phase-contrast imaging with compact digital holographic microscope employing Lloyd’s mirror,” Opt. Lett. 37(24), 5127–5129 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, N. R. Patel, and B. Javidi, “Automatic identification of malaria-infected RBC with digital holographic microscopy using correlation algorithms,” IEEE Photonics J. 4(5), 1456–1464 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, and B. Javidi, “Imaging embryonic stem cell dynamics using quantitative 3-D digital holographic microscopy,” IEEE Photonics J. 3(3), 546–554 (2011).
[Crossref]

Jüptner, W.

Kemper, B.

B. Kemper, A. Vollmer, C. E. Rommel, J. Schnekenburger, and G. Bally, “Simplified approach for quantitative digital holographic phase contrast imaging of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(2), 026014 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper and G. von Bally, “Digital holographic microscopy for live cell applications and technical inspection,” Appl. Opt. 47(4), A52–A61 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ketelhut, S.

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, M. K.

M. K. Kim, “Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy,” SPIE Reviews 1, 18005 (2010).

Kiss, R.

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Komatsu, S.

Kuehn, J.

Kühn, J.

J. K. Wallace, S. Rider, E. Serabyn, J. Kühn, K. Liewer, J. Deming, G. Showalter, C. Lindensmith, and J. Nadeau, “Robust, compact implementation of an off-axis digital holographic microscope,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17367–17378 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Rappaz, E. Cano, T. Colomb, J. Kühn, C. Depeursinge, V. Simanis, P. J. Magistretti, and P. Marquet, “Noninvasive characterization of the fission yeast cell cycle by monitoring dry mass with digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034049 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Langehanenberg, P.

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Legros, J.-C.

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Leitgeb, R. A.

Liewer, K.

Lim, C. M.

Lin, Y. C.

Lindensmith, C.

Liu, C.-Y.

Luo, W.

W. Luo, A. Greenbaum, Y. Zhang, and A. Ozcan, “Synthetic aperture-based on-chip microscopy,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(3), e261 (2015).
[Crossref]

Magistretti, P.

Magistretti, P. J.

B. Rappaz, E. Cano, T. Colomb, J. Kühn, C. Depeursinge, V. Simanis, P. J. Magistretti, and P. Marquet, “Noninvasive characterization of the fission yeast cell cycle by monitoring dry mass with digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034049 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Marquet, B. Rappaz, P. J. Magistretti, E. Cuche, Y. Emery, T. Colomb, and C. Depeursinge, “Digital holographic microscopy: a noninvasive contrast imaging technique allowing quantitative visualization of living cells with subwavelength axial accuracy,” Opt. Lett. 30(5), 468–470 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Marian, A.

Markman, A.

Marquet, P.

Monnom, O.

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Montfort, F.

Moreno, G.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Moser, C.

M. Rostykus, F. Soulez, M. Unser, and C. Moser, “Compact lensless phase imager,” Opt. Express 25, 241–245 (2017).

Muramatsu, M.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Nadeau, J.

Ng, J. J.

Ozcan, A.

W. Luo, A. Greenbaum, Y. Zhang, and A. Ozcan, “Synthetic aperture-based on-chip microscopy,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(3), e261 (2015).
[Crossref]

Palácios, F.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Palácios, G.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Patel, N. R.

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, N. R. Patel, and B. Javidi, “Automatic identification of malaria-infected RBC with digital holographic microscopy using correlation algorithms,” IEEE Photonics J. 4(5), 1456–1464 (2012).
[Crossref]

Pierattini, G.

Qu, W.

Ramirez Q, L.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Rappaz, B.

Rawat, S.

Ricardo, J.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Rider, S.

Rommel, C. E.

B. Kemper, A. Vollmer, C. E. Rommel, J. Schnekenburger, and G. Bally, “Simplified approach for quantitative digital holographic phase contrast imaging of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(2), 026014 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rostykus, M.

M. Rostykus, F. Soulez, M. Unser, and C. Moser, “Compact lensless phase imager,” Opt. Express 25, 241–245 (2017).

Schäfer, M.

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schnars, U.

Schnekenburger, J.

B. Kemper, A. Vollmer, C. E. Rommel, J. Schnekenburger, and G. Bally, “Simplified approach for quantitative digital holographic phase contrast imaging of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(2), 026014 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Serabyn, E.

Shaked, N. T.

Shi, E. C.

Showalter, G.

Simanis, V.

B. Rappaz, E. Cano, T. Colomb, J. Kühn, C. Depeursinge, V. Simanis, P. J. Magistretti, and P. Marquet, “Noninvasive characterization of the fission yeast cell cycle by monitoring dry mass with digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034049 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Singh, A. S. G.

Singh, V. R.

Soulez, F.

M. Rostykus, F. Soulez, M. Unser, and C. Moser, “Compact lensless phase imager,” Opt. Express 25, 241–245 (2017).

Tu, H.-Y.

Unser, M.

M. Rostykus, F. Soulez, M. Unser, and C. Moser, “Compact lensless phase imager,” Opt. Express 25, 241–245 (2017).

Valin, J. L.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Van Ham, P.

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Velázquez, H.

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Vollmer, A.

B. Kemper, A. Vollmer, C. E. Rommel, J. Schnekenburger, and G. Bally, “Simplified approach for quantitative digital holographic phase contrast imaging of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(2), 026014 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

von Bally, G.

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper and G. von Bally, “Digital holographic microscopy for live cell applications and technical inspection,” Appl. Opt. 47(4), A52–A61 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wallace, J. K.

Yingjie, Y.

Yourassowsky, C.

F. Dubois and C. Yourassowsky, “Full off-axis red-green-blue digital holographic microscope with LED illumination,” Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2190–2192 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Y.

W. Luo, A. Greenbaum, Y. Zhang, and A. Ozcan, “Synthetic aperture-based on-chip microscopy,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(3), e261 (2015).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (5)

IEEE Photonics J. (2)

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, and B. Javidi, “Imaging embryonic stem cell dynamics using quantitative 3-D digital holographic microscopy,” IEEE Photonics J. 3(3), 546–554 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. Anand, V. K. Chhaniwal, N. R. Patel, and B. Javidi, “Automatic identification of malaria-infected RBC with digital holographic microscopy using correlation algorithms,” IEEE Photonics J. 4(5), 1456–1464 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Biomed. Opt. (5)

F. Dubois, C. Yourassowsky, O. Monnom, J.-C. Legros, O. Debeir, P. Van Ham, R. Kiss, and C. Decaestecker, “Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(5), 054032 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Rappaz, E. Cano, T. Colomb, J. Kühn, C. Depeursinge, V. Simanis, P. J. Magistretti, and P. Marquet, “Noninvasive characterization of the fission yeast cell cycle by monitoring dry mass with digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034049 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper, A. Vollmer, C. E. Rommel, J. Schnekenburger, and G. Bally, “Simplified approach for quantitative digital holographic phase contrast imaging of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(2), 026014 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Langehanenberg, L. Ivanova, I. Bernhardt, S. Ketelhut, A. Vollmer, D. Dirksen, G. Georgiev, G. von Bally, and B. Kemper, “Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(1), 014018 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Kemper, D. Carl, J. Schnekenburger, I. Bredebusch, M. Schäfer, W. Domschke, and G. von Bally, “Investigation of living pancreas tumor cells by digital holographic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), 34005 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

Light Sci. Appl. (1)

W. Luo, A. Greenbaum, Y. Zhang, and A. Ozcan, “Synthetic aperture-based on-chip microscopy,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(3), e261 (2015).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (1)

M. Frómeta, G. Moreno, J. Ricardo, Y. Arias, M. Muramatsu, L. F. Gomes, G. Palácios, F. Palácios, H. Velázquez, J. L. Valin, and L. Ramirez Q, “Optimized setup for integral refractive index direct determination applying digital holographic microscopy by reflection and transmission,” Opt. Commun. 387, 252–256 (2017).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (4)

Opt. Lett. (7)

F. Charrière, A. Marian, F. Montfort, J. Kuehn, T. Colomb, E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, “Cell refractive index tomography by digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 31(2), 178–180 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. T. Shaked, “Quantitative phase microscopy of biological samples using a portable interferometer,” Opt. Lett. 37(11), 2016–2018 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Dubois and C. Yourassowsky, “Full off-axis red-green-blue digital holographic microscope with LED illumination,” Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2190–2192 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Chhaniwal, A. S. G. Singh, R. A. Leitgeb, B. Javidi, and A. Anand, “Quantitative phase-contrast imaging with compact digital holographic microscope employing Lloyd’s mirror,” Opt. Lett. 37(24), 5127–5129 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. C. Lin, H.-C. Chen, H.-Y. Tu, C.-Y. Liu, and C.-J. Cheng, “Optically driven full-angle sample rotation for tomographic imaging in digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 42(7), 1321–1324 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Ferraro, G. Coppola, S. De Nicola, A. Finizio, G. Pierattini, S. De Nicola, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, “Digital holographic microscope with automatic focus tracking by detecting sample displacement in real time,” Opt. Lett. 28(14), 1257–1259 (2003).
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P. Marquet, B. Rappaz, P. J. Magistretti, E. Cuche, Y. Emery, T. Colomb, and C. Depeursinge, “Digital holographic microscopy: a noninvasive contrast imaging technique allowing quantitative visualization of living cells with subwavelength axial accuracy,” Opt. Lett. 30(5), 468–470 (2005).
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SPIE Reviews (1)

M. K. Kim, “Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy,” SPIE Reviews 1, 18005 (2010).

Other (2)

U. Schnars and W. Jueptner, Digital Holography (Springer-Verlag, 2005).

Z. El-Schich, S. Kamlund, B. Janicke, K. Alm, and A. G. Wingren, “Holography: the usefulness of digital holographic microscopy for clinical diagnostics,” in Holographic Materials and Optical Systems (InTech, 2017).

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 2D sketch of the compact digital holographic microscope. A VCSEL illuminates two spatially multiplexed volume analog holograms recorded on a photopolymer laminated on a prism. One diffracted beam goes through the sample and the other is used as reference. Both interfere on a camera.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Picture of the device in the proposed 3D printed housing. The smartphone is shown for size comparison.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Hologram recorded with the proposed device. (b) Spectrum of hologram (a) with the mask selecting only one image. (c) Reconstructed phase with the proposed device of the full FOV. (d) Hologram recorded with the commercial DHM. (b) Spectrum of hologram (d) with the mask selecting only one image. (f) Reconstructed phase with a commercial DHM (full FOV). The elliptical filtering in (b) is due to the fact that the angles in both directions between the reference and object beams were not equal meaning that the center of the spectrum of the real image is not exactly in the diagonal of the spectrum passing by the DC term.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) Zoom on the red square of reconstructed phase Fig. 3(a) (crop of 0.9x0.9mm). (b) Reconstructed phase with a commercial DHM (full FOV).

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Reconstructed phase of a hologram of human epithelial cells taken with the proposed device (a) and with a commercial DHM (b).

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Equations (1)

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H=R R * +O O * +R O * +O R *

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