Using X-ray spectroscopy of relativistic laser plasma interaction to reveal parametric decay instabilities: a modeling tool for astrophysics

R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
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[Crossref]

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J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
[Crossref]

S. Guérin, P. Mora, J. C. Adam, A. Heron, and G. Laval, “Propagation of ultraintense laser pulses through overdense plasma layers,” Phys. Plasmas 3(7), 2693–2701 (1996).
[Crossref]

A. I. Akhiezer and R. V. Polovin, “Theory of wave motion of an electron plasma,” Sov. Phys. JETP 3, 696–705 (1956).

J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
[Crossref]

A. S. Antonov, O. A. Zinov’ev, V. D. Rusanov, and A. V. Titov, “Broadening of hydrogen spectral lines during turbulent heating of a plasma,” Sov. Phys. JETP 31, 838–839 (1970).

M. V. Babykin, A. I. Zhuzhunashvili, E. Oks, V. V. Shapkin, and G. V. Sholin, “Polarization spectroscopic analysis of noise produced in a turbulent plasma upon annihilation of oppositely moving magnetic fields,” Sov. Phys. JETP 38, 86–92 (1974).

P. Maine, D. Strickland, P. Bado, M. Pessot, and G. Mourou, “Generation of ultrahigh peak power pulses by chirped pulse amplification,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(2), 398–403 (1988).
[Crossref]

J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
[Crossref]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Ben-Yosef and A. G. Rubin, “Optical investigations of electrostatic turbulence in plasma,” Phys. Lett. A 33(4), 222–223 (1970).
[Crossref]

A. B. Berezin, B. V. Ljublin, and D. G. Jakovlev, “Study of plasma turbulence in a fast linear theta-pinch by means of Stark broadening of deuterium spectral lines,” Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 28, 407–411 (1983).

A. B. Berezin, A. V. Dubovoj, and B. V. Ljublin, “Anisotropic electric fields due to ion-acoustic turbulence in a rf discharge,” Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 16, 1844–1846 (1972).

D. I. Blochinzew, “Zur Theorie des Starkeffektes in Zeitveränderlichen Feld,” Phys. Z. Sow. Union 4, 501–515 (1933).

E. A. Oks, S. Böddeker, and H. Kunze, “Spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen in dense plasmas in the presence of dynamic fields: Intra-Stark spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. A 44(12), 8338–8347 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
[Crossref]

I. Musgrave, W. Shaikh, M. Galimberti, A. Boyle, C. Hernandez-Gomez, K. Lancaster, and R. Heathcote, “Picosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier as a preamplifier to generate high-energy seed pulses for contrast enhancement,” Appl. Opt. 49(33), 6558–6562 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, A. I. Erko, B. A. Bryunetkin, V. M. Dyakin, G. V. Ivanenkov, A. R. Mingaleev, T. A. Pikuz, V. M. Romanova, and T. A. Shelkovenko, “High-performance X-ray spectroscopic devices for plasma microsources investigations,” Phys. Scr. 50(4), 333–338 (1994).
[Crossref]

G. A. Mourou, T. Tajima, and S. V. Bulanov, “Optics in the relativistic regime,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(2), 309–371 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. V. Bulanov, V. A. Dogiel, and A. G. Frank, “Solar flares and magnetic reconnection experiments,” Phys. Scr. 29(1), 66–67 (1984).
[Crossref]

R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
[Crossref]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. K. Chung, M. H. Chen, W. L. Morgan, Yu. Ralchenko, and R. W. Lee, “Generalized population kinetics and spectral model for rapid spectroscopic analysis for all elements,” High Energy Density Phys. 1(1), 3–12 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. K. Chung, M. H. Chen, W. L. Morgan, Yu. Ralchenko, and R. W. Lee, “Generalized population kinetics and spectral model for rapid spectroscopic analysis for all elements,” High Energy Density Phys. 1(1), 3–12 (2005).
[Crossref]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
[Crossref]

V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
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O. Renner, E. Dalimier, E. Oks, F. Krasniqi, E. Dufour, R. Schott, and E. Förster, “Experimental evidence of Langmuir-wave caused features in spectral lines of laser-produced plasmas,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 99(1-3), 439–450 (2006).
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S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
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J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
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S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
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A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, A. I. Erko, B. A. Bryunetkin, V. M. Dyakin, G. V. Ivanenkov, A. R. Mingaleev, T. A. Pikuz, V. M. Romanova, and T. A. Shelkovenko, “High-performance X-ray spectroscopic devices for plasma microsources investigations,” Phys. Scr. 50(4), 333–338 (1994).
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C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
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A. G. Frank, V. P. Gavrilenko, N. P. Kyrie, and E. Oks, “Spectroscopic study of anomalous electric fields in peripheral regions of a current sheet plasma,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39(24), 5119–5129 (2006).
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J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
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J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
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C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
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I. Musgrave, W. Shaikh, M. Galimberti, A. Boyle, C. Hernandez-Gomez, K. Lancaster, and R. Heathcote, “Picosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier as a preamplifier to generate high-energy seed pulses for contrast enhancement,” Appl. Opt. 49(33), 6558–6562 (2010).
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V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
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I. Musgrave, W. Shaikh, M. Galimberti, A. Boyle, C. Hernandez-Gomez, K. Lancaster, and R. Heathcote, “Picosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier as a preamplifier to generate high-energy seed pulses for contrast enhancement,” Appl. Opt. 49(33), 6558–6562 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

T. Di Matteo, V. Springel, and L. Hernquist, “Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies,” Nature 433(7026), 604–607 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
[Crossref]

S. Guérin, P. Mora, J. C. Adam, A. Heron, and G. Laval, “Propagation of ultraintense laser pulses through overdense plasma layers,” Phys. Plasmas 3(7), 2693–2701 (1996).
[Crossref]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
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C. A. Iglesias, H. E. DeWitt, J. L. Lebowitz, D. MacGowan, and W. B. Hubbard, “Low-frequency electric microfield distributions in plasmas,” Phys. Rev. A Gen. Phys. 31(3), 1698–1702 (1985).
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C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
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C. A. Iglesias, H. E. DeWitt, J. L. Lebowitz, D. MacGowan, and W. B. Hubbard, “Low-frequency electric microfield distributions in plasmas,” Phys. Rev. A Gen. Phys. 31(3), 1698–1702 (1985).
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J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
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A. N. Koval and E. Oks, “Some results of searching for low-frequency plasma turbulence in large chromospheric flares,” Bull. Crimean Astrophys. Observatory 67, 78–89 (1983).

O. Renner, E. Dalimier, E. Oks, F. Krasniqi, E. Dufour, R. Schott, and E. Förster, “Experimental evidence of Langmuir-wave caused features in spectral lines of laser-produced plasmas,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 99(1-3), 439–450 (2006).
[Crossref]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
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E. A. Oks, S. Böddeker, and H. Kunze, “Spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen in dense plasmas in the presence of dynamic fields: Intra-Stark spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. A 44(12), 8338–8347 (1991).
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A. G. Frank, V. P. Gavrilenko, N. P. Kyrie, and E. Oks, “Spectroscopic study of anomalous electric fields in peripheral regions of a current sheet plasma,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39(24), 5119–5129 (2006).
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I. Musgrave, W. Shaikh, M. Galimberti, A. Boyle, C. Hernandez-Gomez, K. Lancaster, and R. Heathcote, “Picosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier as a preamplifier to generate high-energy seed pulses for contrast enhancement,” Appl. Opt. 49(33), 6558–6562 (2010).
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R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
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J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
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C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
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R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
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S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Colgan, J. Abdallah, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. J. Dance, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Exotic dense-matter states pumped by a relativistic laser plasma in the radiation-dominated regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(12), 125001 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
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R. Lichters, J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, and A. Pukhov, “Short pulse laser harmonics from oscillating plasma surfaces driven at relativistic intensity,” Phys. Plasmas 3(9), 3425–3437 (1996).
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A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, A. I. Erko, B. A. Bryunetkin, V. M. Dyakin, G. V. Ivanenkov, A. R. Mingaleev, T. A. Pikuz, V. M. Romanova, and T. A. Shelkovenko, “High-performance X-ray spectroscopic devices for plasma microsources investigations,” Phys. Scr. 50(4), 333–338 (1994).
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J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
[Crossref]

S. Guérin, P. Mora, J. C. Adam, A. Heron, and G. Laval, “Propagation of ultraintense laser pulses through overdense plasma layers,” Phys. Plasmas 3(7), 2693–2701 (1996).
[Crossref]

H. K. Chung, M. H. Chen, W. L. Morgan, Yu. Ralchenko, and R. W. Lee, “Generalized population kinetics and spectral model for rapid spectroscopic analysis for all elements,” High Energy Density Phys. 1(1), 3–12 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. Maine, D. Strickland, P. Bado, M. Pessot, and G. Mourou, “Generation of ultrahigh peak power pulses by chirped pulse amplification,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(2), 398–403 (1988).
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I. Musgrave, W. Shaikh, M. Galimberti, A. Boyle, C. Hernandez-Gomez, K. Lancaster, and R. Heathcote, “Picosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier as a preamplifier to generate high-energy seed pulses for contrast enhancement,” Appl. Opt. 49(33), 6558–6562 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. J. Gray, D. C. Carroll, X. H. Yuan, C. M. Brenner, M. Burza, M. Coury, K. L. Lancaster, X. X. Lin, Y. T. Li, D. Neely, M. N. Quinn, O. Tresca, C.-G. Wahlström, and P. McKenna, “Laser pulse propagation and enhanced energy coupling to fast electrons in dense plasma gradients,” New J. Phys. 16(11), 113075 (2014).
[Crossref]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

B. Dromey, S. Kar, C. Bellei, D. C. Carroll, R. J. Clarke, J. S. Green, S. Kneip, K. Markey, S. R. Nagel, P. T. Simpson, L. Willingale, P. McKenna, D. Neely, Z. Najmudin, K. Krushelnick, P. A. Norreys, and M. Zepf, “Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(8), 085001 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

E. Oks and E. Dalimier, “Toward diagnostic of ionic sound in laser-produced plasmas,” Intern. Rev. Atom. Mol. Phys. 2, 43–51 (2011).

P. Sauvan, E. Dalimier, E. Oks, O. Renner, S. Weber, and C. Riconda, “Spectroscopic diagnostics of plasma interaction with an external oscillatory field,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(19), 195501 (2009).
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O. Renner, E. Dalimier, E. Oks, F. Krasniqi, E. Dufour, R. Schott, and E. Förster, “Experimental evidence of Langmuir-wave caused features in spectral lines of laser-produced plasmas,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 99(1-3), 439–450 (2006).
[Crossref]

A. G. Frank, V. P. Gavrilenko, N. P. Kyrie, and E. Oks, “Spectroscopic study of anomalous electric fields in peripheral regions of a current sheet plasma,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39(24), 5119–5129 (2006).
[Crossref]

A. N. Koval and E. Oks, “Some results of searching for low-frequency plasma turbulence in large chromospheric flares,” Bull. Crimean Astrophys. Observatory 67, 78–89 (1983).

E. Oks and V. A. Rantsev-Kartinov, “Spectroscopic observation and analysis of plasma turbulence in a Z-pinch,” Sov. Phys. JETP 52, 50–58 (1980).

A. I. Zhuzhunashvili and E. Oks, “Technique of optical polarization measurements of the plasma Langmuir turbulence spectrum,” Sov. Phys. JETP 46, 1122–1132 (1977).

E. Oks and G. V. Sholin, “On Stark profiles of hydrogen lines in a plasma with low-frequency turbulence,” Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 21, 144–151 (1976).

M. V. Babykin, A. I. Zhuzhunashvili, E. Oks, V. V. Shapkin, and G. V. Sholin, “Polarization spectroscopic analysis of noise produced in a turbulent plasma upon annihilation of oppositely moving magnetic fields,” Sov. Phys. JETP 38, 86–92 (1974).

E. A. Oks, S. Böddeker, and H. Kunze, “Spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen in dense plasmas in the presence of dynamic fields: Intra-Stark spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. A 44(12), 8338–8347 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. S. Frenk, N. Yoshida, L. Gao, J. Navarro, R. Thacker, D. Croton, J. Helly, J. A. Peacock, S. Cole, P. Thomas, H. Couchman, A. Evrard, J. Colberg, and F. Pearce, “Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars,” Nature 435(7042), 629–636 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Fuchs, J. C. Adam, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, P. Gallant, L. Gremillet, A. Heron, J. C. Kieffer, G. Laval, G. Malka, J. L. Miquel, P. Mora, N. Pepin, and C. Rousseaux, “Transmission through highly overdense plasma slabs with a subpicosecond relativistic laser pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(11), 2326–2329 (1998).
[Crossref]

C. N. Danson, P. A. Brummitt, R. J. Clarke, J. L. Collier, B. Fell, A. J. Frackiewicz, S. Hancock, S. Hawkes, C. Hernandez-Gomez, P. Holligan, M. H. R. Hutchinson, A. Kidd, W. J. Lester, I. O. Musgrave, D. Neely, D. R. Neville, P. A. Norreys, D. A. Pepler, C. J. Reason, W. Shaikh, T. B. Winstone, R. W. W. Wyatt, and B. E. Wyborn, “Vulcan Petawatt—an ultra-high-intensity interaction facility,” Nucl. Fusion 44(12), 5239–5246 (2004).
[Crossref]

P. Maine, D. Strickland, P. Bado, M. Pessot, and G. Mourou, “Generation of ultrahigh peak power pulses by chirped pulse amplification,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(2), 398–403 (1988).
[Crossref]

S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Colgan, R. J. Dance, J. Abdallah, E. Wagenaars, N. Booth, O. Culfa, R. G. Evans, R. J. Gray, T. Kaempfer, K. L. Lancaster, P. McKenna, A. L. Rossall, I. Yu. Skobelev, K. S. Schulze, I. Uschmann, A. G. Zhidkov, and N. C. Woolsey, “Measurement and simulations of hollow atom X-ray spectra of solid-density relativistic plasma created by high-contrast PW optical laser pulses,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(3), 560–567 (2013).
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[Crossref] [PubMed]

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[Crossref]

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[Crossref] [PubMed]

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