Strong coherent coupling between graphene surface plasmons and anisotropic black phosphorus localized surface plasmons

Jinpeng Nong; Wei Wei; Wei Wang; Guilian Lan; Zhengguo Shang; Juemin Yi; Linlong Tang

doi:10.1364/OE.26.001633

Strong coherent coupling between graphene surface plasmons and anisotropic black phosphorus localized surface plasmons

Jinpeng Nong, Wei Wei, Wei Wang, Guilian Lan, Zhengguo Shang, Juemin Yi, and Linlong Tang

Optics Express
Vol. 26,
Issue 2,
pp. 1633-1644
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.001633

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Jinpeng Nong, Wei Wei, Wei Wang, Guilian Lan, Zhengguo Shang, Juemin Yi, and Linlong Tang, "Strong coherent coupling between graphene surface plasmons and anisotropic black phosphorus localized surface plasmons," Opt. Express 26, 1633-1644 (2018)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Plasmonics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Nanomaterials (160.4236)
- Surface plasmons (240.6680)
- Infrared (260.3060)
- Interference (260.3160)
- Subwavelength structures, nanostructures (310.6628)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 27, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: December 29, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: December 30, 2017
- Published: January 16, 2018

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

The anisotropic plasmons properties of black phosphorus allow for realizing direction-dependent plasmonics devices. Here, we theoretically investigated the hybridization between graphene surface plasmons (GSP) and anisotropic black phosphorus localized surface plasmons (BPLSP) in the strong coupling regime. By dynamically adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, we show that the strong coherent GSP-BPLSP coupling can be achieved in both armchair and zigzag directions, which is attributed to the anisotropic black phosphorus with different in-plane effective electron masses along the two crystal axes. The strong coupling is quantitatively described by calculating the dispersion of the hybrid modes using a coupled oscillator model. Mode splitting energy of 26.5 meV and 19 meV are determined for the GSP-BPLSP hybridization along armchair and zigzag direction, respectively. We also find that the coupling strength can be strongly affected by the distance between graphene sheet and black phosphorus nanoribbons. Our work may provide the building blocks to construct future highly compact anisotropic plasmonics devices based on two-dimensional materials at infrared and terahertz frequencies.

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References

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Author
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Publication

D. K. Gramotnev and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit,” Nat. Photonics 4(2), 83–91 (2010).
[Crossref]
F. Monticone and A. Alù, “Metamaterial, plasmonic and nanophotonic devices,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 80(3), 036401 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. N. Grigorenko, M. Polini, and K. S. Novoselov, “Graphene plasmonics,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 749–758 (2012).
[Crossref]
T. Low and P. Avouris, “Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications,” ACS Nano 8(2), 1086–1101 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
L. Tang, J. Du, C. Du, P. Zhu, and H. Shi, “Scaling phenomenon of graphene surface plasmon modes in grating-spacer-graphene hybrid systems,” Opt. Express 22(17), 20214–20222 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Complete Optical Absorption in Periodically Patterned Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(4), 047401 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Vakil and N. Engheta, “Transformation optics using graphene,” Science 332(6035), 1291–1294 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
H. Lu, X. Gan, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides,” Photon. Res. 5(3), 162 (2017).
[Crossref]
T. Guo and C. Argyropoulos, “Broadband polarizers based on graphene metasurfaces,” Opt. Lett. 41(23), 5592–5595 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Jablan, M. Soljačić, and H. Buljan, “Unconventional plasmon-phonon coupling in graphene,” Phys. Rev. B 83(16), 161409 (2011).
[Crossref]
R. J. Koch, S. Fryska, M. Ostler, M. Endlich, F. Speck, T. Hänsel, J. A. Schaefer, and T. Seyller, “Robust Phonon-Plasmon Coupling in Quasifreestanding Graphene on Silicon Carbide,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106802 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Q. Guo, F. Guinea, B. Deng, I. Sarpkaya, C. Li, C. Chen, X. Ling, J. Kong, and F. Xia, “Electrothermal Control of Graphene Plasmon-Phonon Polaritons,” Adv. Mater. 29(31), 1700566 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
H. Yan, T. Low, W. Zhu, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, X. Li, F. Guinea, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures,” Nat. Photonics 7(5), 394–399 (2013).
[Crossref]
S. Dai, Q. Ma, M. K. Liu, T. Andersen, Z. Fei, M. D. Goldflam, M. Wagner, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. Thiemens, F. Keilmann, G. C. Janssen, S. E. Zhu, P. Jarillo-Herrero, M. M. Fogler, and D. N. Basov, “Graphene on hexagonal boron nitride as a tunable hyperbolic metamaterial,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 10(8), 682–686 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
I. D. Barcelos, A. R. Cadore, L. C. Campos, A. Malachias, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, F. C. Maia, R. Freitas, and C. Deneke, “Graphene/h-BN plasmon-phonon coupling and plasmon delocalization observed by infrared nano-spectroscopy,” Nanoscale 7(27), 11620–11625 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Woessner, M. B. Lundeberg, Y. Gao, A. Principi, P. Alonso-González, M. Carrega, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, G. Vignale, M. Polini, J. Hone, R. Hillenbrand, and F. H. Koppens, “Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures,” Nat. Mater. 14(4), 421–425 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]
H. Hu, X. Yang, F. Zhai, D. Hu, R. Liu, K. Liu, Z. Sun, and Q. Dai, “Far-field nanoscale infrared spectroscopy of vibrational fingerprints of molecules with graphene plasmons,” Nat. Commun. 7, 12334 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. Rodrigo, O. Limaj, D. Janner, D. Etezadi, F. J. García de Abajo, V. Pruneri, and H. Altug, “Mid-infrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene,” Science 349(6244), 165–168 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. Zhao and Z. M. Zhang, “Strong plasmonic coupling between graphene ribbon array and metal gratings,” ACS Photonics 2(11), 1611–1618 (2015).
[Crossref]
S. Kim, M. S. Jang, V. W. Brar, Y. Tolstova, K. W. Mauser, and H. A. Atwater, “Electronically tunable extraordinary optical transmission in graphene plasmonic ribbons coupled to subwavelength metallic slit arrays,” Nat. Commun. 7, 12323 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yuan, and J. Teng, “Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 131111 (2012).
[Crossref]
J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano 6(1), 431–440 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. Yu, R. Alaee, F. Lederer, and C. Rockstuhl, “Manipulating the interaction between localized and delocalized surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene,” Phys. Rev. B 90(8), 085409 (2014).
[Crossref]
H. Lu, Y. Gong, D. Mao, X. Gan, and J. Zhao, “Strong plasmonic confinement and optical force in phosphorene pairs,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5255–5263 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
X. Wang and S. Lan, “Optical properties of black phosphorus,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(4), 618 (2016).
[Crossref]
N. Mao, J. Tang, L. Xie, J. Wu, B. Han, J. Lin, S. Deng, W. Ji, H. Xu, K. Liu, L. Tong, and J. Zhang, “Optical Anisotropy of Black Phosphorus in the Visible Regime,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(1), 300–305 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
X. Ling, S. Huang, E. H. Hasdeo, L. Liang, W. M. Parkin, Y. Tatsumi, A. R. Nugraha, A. A. Puretzky, P. M. Das, B. G. Sumpter, D. B. Geohegan, J. Kong, R. Saito, M. Drndic, V. Meunier, and M. S. Dresselhaus, “Anisotropic Electron-Photon and Electron-Phonon Interactions in Black Phosphorus,” Nano Lett. 16(4), 2260–2267 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Buscema, D. J. Groenendijk, S. I. Blanter, G. A. Steele, H. S. van der Zant, and A. Castellanos-Gomez, “Fast and broadband photoresponse of few-layer black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nano Lett. 14(6), 3347–3352 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Deng, Z. Luo, N. J. Conrad, H. Liu, Y. Gong, S. Najmaei, P. M. Ajayan, J. Lou, X. Xu, and P. D. Ye, “Black Phosphorus-Monolayer MoS2 van der Waals Heterojunction P-N Diode,” ACS Nano 8(8), 8292–8299 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Buscema, D. J. Groenendijk, G. A. Steele, H. S. van der Zant, and A. Castellanos-Gomez, “Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating,” Nat. Commun. 5, 4651 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Wang and Y. Jiang, “Infrared absorber based on sandwiched two-dimensional black phosphorus metamaterials,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5206–5216 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Z. Liu and K. Aydin, “Localized surface plasmons in nanostructured monolayer black phosphorus,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3457–3462 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
X. Ni, L. Wang, J. Zhu, X. Chen, and W. Lu, “Surface plasmons in a nanostructured black phosphorus flake,” Opt. Lett. 42(13), 2659–2662 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
F. Xiong, J. Zhang, Z. Zhu, X. Yuan, and S. Qin, “Strong anisotropic perfect absorption in monolayer black phosphorous and its application as tunable polarizer,” J. Opt. 19(7), 075002 (2017).
[Crossref]
D. Correas-Serrano, J. S. Gomez-Diaz, A. A. Melcon, and A. Alù, “Black phosphorus plasmonics: anisotropic elliptical propagation and nonlocality-induced canalization,” J. Opt. 18(10), 104006 (2016).
[Crossref]
Z. W. Bao, H. W. Wu, and Y. Zhou, “Edge plasmons in monolayer black phosphorus,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(24), 241902 (2016).
[Crossref]
K. T. Lam and J. Guo, “Plasmonics in strained monolayer black phosphorus,” J. Appl. Phys. 117(11), 113105 (2015).
[Crossref]
T. Low, R. Roldán, H. Wang, F. Xia, P. Avouris, L. M. Moreno, and F. Guinea, “Plasmons and screening in monolayer and multilayer black phosphorus,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 106802 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. A. Prishchenko, V. G. Mazurenko, M. I. Katsnelson, and A. N. Rudenko, “Coulomb interactions and screening effects in few-layer black phosphorus: a tight-binding consideration beyond the long-wavelength limit,” 2D Materials 4(2), 025064 (2017).
[Crossref]
M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B 80(24), 245435 (2009).
[Crossref]
W. Wang, P. Vasa, R. Pomraenke, R. Vogelgesang, A. De Sio, E. Sommer, M. Maiuri, C. Manzoni, G. Cerullo, and C. Lienau, “Interplay between strong coupling and radiative damping of excitons and surface plasmon polaritons in hybrid nanostructures,” ACS Nano 8(1), 1056–1064 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
W. Gao, J. Shu, C. Qiu, and Q. Xu, “Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances,” ACS Nano 6(9), 7806–7813 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
P. Vasa, W. Wang, R. Pomraenke, M. Maiuri, C. Manzoni, G. Cerullo, and C. Lienau, “Optical stark effects in j-aggregate-metal hybrid nanostructures exhibiting a strong exciton-surface-plasmon-polariton interaction,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(3), 036802 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2017 (9)

F. Monticone and A. Alù, “Metamaterial, plasmonic and nanophotonic devices,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 80(3), 036401 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, X. Gan, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides,” Photon. Res. 5(3), 162 (2017).
[Crossref]

Q. Guo, F. Guinea, B. Deng, I. Sarpkaya, C. Li, C. Chen, X. Ling, J. Kong, and F. Xia, “Electrothermal Control of Graphene Plasmon-Phonon Polaritons,” Adv. Mater. 29(31), 1700566 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, Y. Gong, D. Mao, X. Gan, and J. Zhao, “Strong plasmonic confinement and optical force in phosphorene pairs,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5255–5263 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang and Y. Jiang, “Infrared absorber based on sandwiched two-dimensional black phosphorus metamaterials,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5206–5216 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Ni, L. Wang, J. Zhu, X. Chen, and W. Lu, “Surface plasmons in a nanostructured black phosphorus flake,” Opt. Lett. 42(13), 2659–2662 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Xiong, J. Zhang, Z. Zhu, X. Yuan, and S. Qin, “Strong anisotropic perfect absorption in monolayer black phosphorous and its application as tunable polarizer,” J. Opt. 19(7), 075002 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. A. Prishchenko, V. G. Mazurenko, M. I. Katsnelson, and A. N. Rudenko, “Coulomb interactions and screening effects in few-layer black phosphorus: a tight-binding consideration beyond the long-wavelength limit,” 2D Materials 4(2), 025064 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (11)

D. Correas-Serrano, J. S. Gomez-Diaz, A. A. Melcon, and A. Alù, “Black phosphorus plasmonics: anisotropic elliptical propagation and nonlocality-induced canalization,” J. Opt. 18(10), 104006 (2016).
[Crossref]

Z. W. Bao, H. W. Wu, and Y. Zhou, “Edge plasmons in monolayer black phosphorus,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(24), 241902 (2016).
[Crossref]

Z. Liu and K. Aydin, “Localized surface plasmons in nanostructured monolayer black phosphorus,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3457–3462 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Kim, M. S. Jang, V. W. Brar, Y. Tolstova, K. W. Mauser, and H. A. Atwater, “Electronically tunable extraordinary optical transmission in graphene plasmonic ribbons coupled to subwavelength metallic slit arrays,” Nat. Commun. 7, 12323 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang and S. Lan, “Optical properties of black phosphorus,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(4), 618 (2016).
[Crossref]

N. Mao, J. Tang, L. Xie, J. Wu, B. Han, J. Lin, S. Deng, W. Ji, H. Xu, K. Liu, L. Tong, and J. Zhang, “Optical Anisotropy of Black Phosphorus in the Visible Regime,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(1), 300–305 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Ling, S. Huang, E. H. Hasdeo, L. Liang, W. M. Parkin, Y. Tatsumi, A. R. Nugraha, A. A. Puretzky, P. M. Das, B. G. Sumpter, D. B. Geohegan, J. Kong, R. Saito, M. Drndic, V. Meunier, and M. S. Dresselhaus, “Anisotropic Electron-Photon and Electron-Phonon Interactions in Black Phosphorus,” Nano Lett. 16(4), 2260–2267 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hu, X. Yang, F. Zhai, D. Hu, R. Liu, K. Liu, Z. Sun, and Q. Dai, “Far-field nanoscale infrared spectroscopy of vibrational fingerprints of molecules with graphene plasmons,” Nat. Commun. 7, 12334 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. J. Koch, S. Fryska, M. Ostler, M. Endlich, F. Speck, T. Hänsel, J. A. Schaefer, and T. Seyller, “Robust Phonon-Plasmon Coupling in Quasifreestanding Graphene on Silicon Carbide,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106802 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Guo and C. Argyropoulos, “Broadband polarizers based on graphene metasurfaces,” Opt. Lett. 41(23), 5592–5595 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (8)

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Rodrigo, O. Limaj, D. Janner, D. Etezadi, F. J. García de Abajo, V. Pruneri, and H. Altug, “Mid-infrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene,” Science 349(6244), 165–168 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Zhao and Z. M. Zhang, “Strong plasmonic coupling between graphene ribbon array and metal gratings,” ACS Photonics 2(11), 1611–1618 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Dai, Q. Ma, M. K. Liu, T. Andersen, Z. Fei, M. D. Goldflam, M. Wagner, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. Thiemens, F. Keilmann, G. C. Janssen, S. E. Zhu, P. Jarillo-Herrero, M. M. Fogler, and D. N. Basov, “Graphene on hexagonal boron nitride as a tunable hyperbolic metamaterial,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 10(8), 682–686 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. D. Barcelos, A. R. Cadore, L. C. Campos, A. Malachias, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, F. C. Maia, R. Freitas, and C. Deneke, “Graphene/h-BN plasmon-phonon coupling and plasmon delocalization observed by infrared nano-spectroscopy,” Nanoscale 7(27), 11620–11625 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Woessner, M. B. Lundeberg, Y. Gao, A. Principi, P. Alonso-González, M. Carrega, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, G. Vignale, M. Polini, J. Hone, R. Hillenbrand, and F. H. Koppens, “Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures,” Nat. Mater. 14(4), 421–425 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. T. Lam and J. Guo, “Plasmonics in strained monolayer black phosphorus,” J. Appl. Phys. 117(11), 113105 (2015).
[Crossref]

P. Vasa, W. Wang, R. Pomraenke, M. Maiuri, C. Manzoni, G. Cerullo, and C. Lienau, “Optical stark effects in j-aggregate-metal hybrid nanostructures exhibiting a strong exciton-surface-plasmon-polariton interaction,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(3), 036802 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (9)

T. Low, R. Roldán, H. Wang, F. Xia, P. Avouris, L. M. Moreno, and F. Guinea, “Plasmons and screening in monolayer and multilayer black phosphorus,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 106802 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Wang, P. Vasa, R. Pomraenke, R. Vogelgesang, A. De Sio, E. Sommer, M. Maiuri, C. Manzoni, G. Cerullo, and C. Lienau, “Interplay between strong coupling and radiative damping of excitons and surface plasmon polaritons in hybrid nanostructures,” ACS Nano 8(1), 1056–1064 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Yu, R. Alaee, F. Lederer, and C. Rockstuhl, “Manipulating the interaction between localized and delocalized surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene,” Phys. Rev. B 90(8), 085409 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. Buscema, D. J. Groenendijk, S. I. Blanter, G. A. Steele, H. S. van der Zant, and A. Castellanos-Gomez, “Fast and broadband photoresponse of few-layer black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nano Lett. 14(6), 3347–3352 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Deng, Z. Luo, N. J. Conrad, H. Liu, Y. Gong, S. Najmaei, P. M. Ajayan, J. Lou, X. Xu, and P. D. Ye, “Black Phosphorus-Monolayer MoS2 van der Waals Heterojunction P-N Diode,” ACS Nano 8(8), 8292–8299 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Buscema, D. J. Groenendijk, G. A. Steele, H. S. van der Zant, and A. Castellanos-Gomez, “Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating,” Nat. Commun. 5, 4651 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Low and P. Avouris, “Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications,” ACS Nano 8(2), 1086–1101 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Tang, J. Du, C. Du, P. Zhu, and H. Shi, “Scaling phenomenon of graphene surface plasmon modes in grating-spacer-graphene hybrid systems,” Opt. Express 22(17), 20214–20222 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (1)

H. Yan, T. Low, W. Zhu, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, X. Li, F. Guinea, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures,” Nat. Photonics 7(5), 394–399 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (6)

S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Complete Optical Absorption in Periodically Patterned Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(4), 047401 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. N. Grigorenko, M. Polini, and K. S. Novoselov, “Graphene plasmonics,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 749–758 (2012).
[Crossref]

B. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yuan, and J. Teng, “Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 131111 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano 6(1), 431–440 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Gao, J. Shu, C. Qiu, and Q. Xu, “Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances,” ACS Nano 6(9), 7806–7813 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (2)

A. Vakil and N. Engheta, “Transformation optics using graphene,” Science 332(6035), 1291–1294 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Jablan, M. Soljačić, and H. Buljan, “Unconventional plasmon-phonon coupling in graphene,” Phys. Rev. B 83(16), 161409 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

D. K. Gramotnev and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit,” Nat. Photonics 4(2), 83–91 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B 80(24), 245435 (2009).
[Crossref]

Ajayan, P. M.

Alaee, R.

Alonso-González, P.

Altug, H.

Alù, A.

F. Monticone and A. Alù, “Metamaterial, plasmonic and nanophotonic devices,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 80(3), 036401 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Andersen, T.

Argyropoulos, C.

T. Guo and C. Argyropoulos, “Broadband polarizers based on graphene metasurfaces,” Opt. Lett. 41(23), 5592–5595 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Atwater, H. A.

Avouris, P.

T. Low and P. Avouris, “Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications,” ACS Nano 8(2), 1086–1101 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Aydin, K.

Z. Liu and K. Aydin, “Localized surface plasmons in nanostructured monolayer black phosphorus,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3457–3462 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bao, Z. W.

Z. W. Bao, H. W. Wu, and Y. Zhou, “Edge plasmons in monolayer black phosphorus,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(24), 241902 (2016).
[Crossref]

Barcelos, I. D.

Basov, D. N.

Blanter, S. I.

Bozhevolnyi, S. I.

D. K. Gramotnev and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit,” Nat. Photonics 4(2), 83–91 (2010).
[Crossref]

Brar, V. W.

Buljan, H.

M. Jablan, M. Soljačić, and H. Buljan, “Unconventional plasmon-phonon coupling in graphene,” Phys. Rev. B 83(16), 161409 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B 80(24), 245435 (2009).
[Crossref]

Buscema, M.

Cadore, A. R.

Campos, L. C.

Carrega, M.

Castellanos-Gomez, A.

Cerullo, G.

Chen, C.

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, X.

X. Ni, L. Wang, J. Zhu, X. Chen, and W. Lu, “Surface plasmons in a nanostructured black phosphorus flake,” Opt. Lett. 42(13), 2659–2662 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, X. H.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Christensen, J.

Colombo, L.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Conrad, N. J.

Correas-Serrano, D.

Dai, Q.

Dai, S.

Das, P. M.

de Abajo, F. J.

De Sio, A.

Deneke, C.

Deng, B.

Deng, S.

Deng, Y.

Dong, L.

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]

Dresselhaus, M. S.

Drndic, M.

Du, C.

Du, J.

Endlich, M.

Engheta, N.

A. Vakil and N. Engheta, “Transformation optics using graphene,” Science 332(6035), 1291–1294 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Etezadi, D.

Fal’ko, V. I.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fei, Z.

Feng, D.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fogler, M. M.

Freitag, M.

Freitas, R.

Fryska, S.

Gan, X.

H. Lu, X. Gan, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides,” Photon. Res. 5(3), 162 (2017).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, Y. Gong, D. Mao, X. Gan, and J. Zhao, “Strong plasmonic confinement and optical force in phosphorene pairs,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5255–5263 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gao, W.

W. Gao, J. Shu, C. Qiu, and Q. Xu, “Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances,” ACS Nano 6(9), 7806–7813 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gao, Y.

García de Abajo, F. J.

S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Complete Optical Absorption in Periodically Patterned Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(4), 047401 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ge, Q.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gellert, P. R.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Geohegan, D. B.

Goldflam, M. D.

Gomez-Diaz, J. S.

Gong, Y.

H. Lu, Y. Gong, D. Mao, X. Gan, and J. Zhao, “Strong plasmonic confinement and optical force in phosphorene pairs,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5255–5263 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gramotnev, D. K.

D. K. Gramotnev and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit,” Nat. Photonics 4(2), 83–91 (2010).
[Crossref]

Grigorenko, A. N.

A. N. Grigorenko, M. Polini, and K. S. Novoselov, “Graphene plasmonics,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 749–758 (2012).
[Crossref]

Groenendijk, D. J.

Gu, M.

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Guinea, F.

Guo, J.

K. T. Lam and J. Guo, “Plasmonics in strained monolayer black phosphorus,” J. Appl. Phys. 117(11), 113105 (2015).
[Crossref]

Guo, Q.

Guo, T.

T. Guo and C. Argyropoulos, “Broadband polarizers based on graphene metasurfaces,” Opt. Lett. 41(23), 5592–5595 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Han, B.

Han, J.

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hänsel, T.

Hasdeo, E. H.

Hillenbrand, R.

Hone, J.

Hossain, M. M.

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hu, D.

Hu, H.

Huang, M.

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, S.

Jablan, M.

M. Jablan, M. Soljačić, and H. Buljan, “Unconventional plasmon-phonon coupling in graphene,” Phys. Rev. B 83(16), 161409 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B 80(24), 245435 (2009).
[Crossref]

Jang, M. S.

Janner, D.

Janssen, G. C.

Jarillo-Herrero, P.

Ji, W.

Jiang, Y.

J. Wang and Y. Jiang, “Infrared absorber based on sandwiched two-dimensional black phosphorus metamaterials,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5206–5216 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Katsnelson, M. I.

Keilmann, F.

Kim, K.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S.

Koch, R. J.

Kong, J.

Koppens, F. H.

Koppens, F. H. L.

S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Complete Optical Absorption in Periodically Patterned Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(4), 047401 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lam, K. T.

K. T. Lam and J. Guo, “Plasmonics in strained monolayer black phosphorus,” J. Appl. Phys. 117(11), 113105 (2015).
[Crossref]

Lan, S.

X. Wang and S. Lan, “Optical properties of black phosphorus,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(4), 618 (2016).
[Crossref]

Lederer, F.

Li, C.

Li, L.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, X.

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liang, L.

Lienau, C.

Limaj, O.

Lin, J.

Ling, X.

Liu, H.

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]

Liu, K.

Liu, M. K.

Liu, R.

Liu, X.

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, Z.

Z. Liu and K. Aydin, “Localized surface plasmons in nanostructured monolayer black phosphorus,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3457–3462 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lou, J.

Low, T.

T. Low and P. Avouris, “Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications,” ACS Nano 8(2), 1086–1101 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lu, H.

H. Lu, X. Gan, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides,” Photon. Res. 5(3), 162 (2017).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, Y. Gong, D. Mao, X. Gan, and J. Zhao, “Strong plasmonic confinement and optical force in phosphorene pairs,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5255–5263 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lu, W.

X. Ni, L. Wang, J. Zhu, X. Chen, and W. Lu, “Surface plasmons in a nanostructured black phosphorus flake,” Opt. Lett. 42(13), 2659–2662 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lundeberg, M. B.

Luo, Z.

Ma, C.

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]

Ma, Q.

Ma, Z.

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maia, F. C.

Maiuri, M.

Malachias, A.

Manjavacas, A.

Manzoni, C.

Mao, D.

H. Lu, Y. Gong, D. Mao, X. Gan, and J. Zhao, “Strong plasmonic confinement and optical force in phosphorene pairs,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5255–5263 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, X. Gan, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides,” Photon. Res. 5(3), 162 (2017).
[Crossref]

Mao, N.

Mauser, K. W.

Mazurenko, V. G.

Melcon, A. A.

Meunier, V.

Monticone, F.

F. Monticone and A. Alù, “Metamaterial, plasmonic and nanophotonic devices,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 80(3), 036401 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Moreno, L. M.

Najmaei, S.

Ni, X.

X. Ni, L. Wang, J. Zhu, X. Chen, and W. Lu, “Surface plasmons in a nanostructured black phosphorus flake,” Opt. Lett. 42(13), 2659–2662 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Novoselov, K. S.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. N. Grigorenko, M. Polini, and K. S. Novoselov, “Graphene plasmonics,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 749–758 (2012).
[Crossref]

Nugraha, A. R.

Ostler, M.

Ou, X.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Parkin, W. M.

Polini, M.

A. N. Grigorenko, M. Polini, and K. S. Novoselov, “Graphene plasmonics,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 749–758 (2012).
[Crossref]

Pomraenke, R.

Principi, A.

Prishchenko, D. A.

Pruneri, V.

Puretzky, A. A.

Qin, S.

Qiu, C.

W. Gao, J. Shu, C. Qiu, and Q. Xu, “Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances,” ACS Nano 6(9), 7806–7813 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Qu, S.

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]

Reineck, P.

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rockstuhl, C.

Rodrigo, D.

Roldán, R.

Rudenko, A. N.

Saito, R.

Sarpkaya, I.

Schaefer, J. A.

Schwab, M. G.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Seyller, T.

Shi, H.

Shu, J.

W. Gao, J. Shu, C. Qiu, and Q. Xu, “Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances,” ACS Nano 6(9), 7806–7813 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Soljacic, M.

M. Jablan, M. Soljačić, and H. Buljan, “Unconventional plasmon-phonon coupling in graphene,” Phys. Rev. B 83(16), 161409 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B 80(24), 245435 (2009).
[Crossref]

Sommer, E.

Speck, F.

Steele, G. A.

Sumpter, B. G.

Sun, Z.

Tang, J.

Tang, L.

Taniguchi, T.

Tatsumi, Y.

Teng, J.

B. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yuan, and J. Teng, “Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 131111 (2012).
[Crossref]

Thiemens, M.

Thongrattanasiri, S.

S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Complete Optical Absorption in Periodically Patterned Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(4), 047401 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tolstova, Y.

Tong, L.

Vakil, A.

A. Vakil and N. Engheta, “Transformation optics using graphene,” Science 332(6035), 1291–1294 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

van der Zant, H. S.

Vasa, P.

Vignale, G.

Vogelgesang, R.

Wagner, M.

Wang, B.

B. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yuan, and J. Teng, “Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 131111 (2012).
[Crossref]

Wang, H.

Wang, J.

J. Wang and Y. Jiang, “Infrared absorber based on sandwiched two-dimensional black phosphorus metamaterials,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5206–5216 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L.

X. Ni, L. Wang, J. Zhu, X. Chen, and W. Lu, “Surface plasmons in a nanostructured black phosphorus flake,” Opt. Lett. 42(13), 2659–2662 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, M.

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, S.

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]

Wang, W.

Wang, X.

X. Wang and S. Lan, “Optical properties of black phosphorus,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(4), 618 (2016).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, K.

Woessner, A.

Wu, H.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, H. W.

Z. W. Bao, H. W. Wu, and Y. Zhou, “Edge plasmons in monolayer black phosphorus,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(24), 241902 (2016).
[Crossref]

Wu, J.

Wu, L.

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
[Crossref]

Wu, Y.

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xia, F.

Xie, L.

Xiong, F.

Xu, H.

Xu, Q.

W. Gao, J. Shu, C. Qiu, and Q. Xu, “Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances,” ACS Nano 6(9), 7806–7813 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, X.

Yan, H.

Yang, X.

Ye, G. J.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ye, P. D.

Yu, R.

Yu, Y.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yuan, X.

B. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yuan, and J. Teng, “Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 131111 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zeng, C.

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhai, F.

Zhang, J.

Zhang, Q.

H. Lu, C. Zeng, Q. Zhang, X. Liu, M. M. Hossain, P. Reineck, and M. Gu, “Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons,” Sci. Rep. 5(1), 8443 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, X.

B. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yuan, and J. Teng, “Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 131111 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zhang, Y.

L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, “Black phosphorus field-effect transistors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 9(5), 372–377 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Z. M.

B. Zhao and Z. M. Zhang, “Strong plasmonic coupling between graphene ribbon array and metal gratings,” ACS Photonics 2(11), 1611–1618 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhao, B.

B. Zhao and Z. M. Zhang, “Strong plasmonic coupling between graphene ribbon array and metal gratings,” ACS Photonics 2(11), 1611–1618 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhao, J.

H. Lu, X. Gan, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides,” Photon. Res. 5(3), 162 (2017).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, Y. Gong, D. Mao, X. Gan, and J. Zhao, “Strong plasmonic confinement and optical force in phosphorene pairs,” Opt. Express 25(5), 5255–5263 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, Y.

Z. W. Bao, H. W. Wu, and Y. Zhou, “Edge plasmons in monolayer black phosphorus,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(24), 241902 (2016).
[Crossref]

Zhu, J.

X. Ni, L. Wang, J. Zhu, X. Chen, and W. Lu, “Surface plasmons in a nanostructured black phosphorus flake,” Opt. Lett. 42(13), 2659–2662 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhu, P.

Zhu, S. E.

Zhu, W.

Zhu, Z.

2D Materials (1)

ACS Nano (5)

W. Gao, J. Shu, C. Qiu, and Q. Xu, “Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances,” ACS Nano 6(9), 7806–7813 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Low and P. Avouris, “Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications,” ACS Nano 8(2), 1086–1101 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

ACS Photonics (1)

B. Zhao and Z. M. Zhang, “Strong plasmonic coupling between graphene ribbon array and metal gratings,” ACS Photonics 2(11), 1611–1618 (2015).
[Crossref]

Adv. Mater. (2)

M. Huang, M. Wang, C. Chen, Z. Ma, X. Li, J. Han, and Y. Wu, “Broadband black-phosphorus photodetectors with high responsivity,” Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3481–3485 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Adv. Opt. Photonics (1)

X. Wang and S. Lan, “Optical properties of black phosphorus,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(4), 618 (2016).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

Z. W. Bao, H. W. Wu, and Y. Zhou, “Edge plasmons in monolayer black phosphorus,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(24), 241902 (2016).
[Crossref]

B. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Yuan, and J. Teng, “Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 131111 (2012).
[Crossref]

Crystals (1)

S. Qu, H. Liu, L. Dong, L. Wu, C. Ma, and S. Wang, “Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Phonon–Plasmon Coupling System,” Crystals 7(2), 49 (2017).
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J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1)

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Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of monolayer BP, where x and y axes are along the armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) directions, respectively. (b) Schematic of the hybrid system consisting of continuous graphene sheet and patterned BP nanoribbons along armchair (x-) direction. The other hybrid system with BP nanoribbons along zigzag (y-) direction is not shown here. The inset shows the cross section of the structure.

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Fig. 2 Absorption spectra of the BP nanoribbons without graphene along (a) x- and (b) y-direction, respectively. The insets are the corresponding electric field mode profile |Ex| of the BPLSP plasmons resonant peaks. Absorption spectra of BP nanoribbons with graphene along (c) x- and (d) y-direction, respectively. (e) and (f) are the corresponding electric field mode profile of the resonant peaks in (c) and (d). (g) and (h) are the energy diagrams corresponding to the cases in (c) and (d). The parameters used for fitting are θ_b = π/2 rad, θ_d = π/2 rad, γ_b = 1.02 THz, γ_d = 0.42 THz. For x-direction c_b = 0.44, c_d = 0.34, while for y-direction c_b = 0.31, c_d = 0.2.

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Fig. 3 Numerical absorption spectra mapping of hybrid modes as E_f varied from 0.05 eV to 1 eV with BP nanoribbons along (a) x- and (b) y-direction. Analytical dispersion relations of the GSP, BPLSP, and hybrid modes, and the comparison between the analytical and numerical hybrid dispersion relations for BP nanoribbon along (c) x- and (d) y-direction.

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Fig. 4 (a), (d) and (g) are the extracted absorption spectra of the hybrid modes from 3(a) at Fermi energy of 0.2 eV, 0.45 eV and 0.8eV, respectively. (b), (e), (h) shown their corresponding electric field |Ex| patterns. (c), (f), (i) are the energy diagrams corresponding to the cases in (a), (d), (g), respectively.

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Fig. 5 Numerical absorption spectra mapping of hybrid modes as Fermi energy is varied from 0.05 eV to 1 eV when d is (a) 100 nm, (b) 60 nm, and (c) 20 nm for x-direction. (d) Comparison of the derived mode splitting energy of the hybrid system with BP nanoribbons along x- and y-direction as d increases from 20 nm to 120 nm.

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Equations (8)

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σ (ω) = \frac{e^{2} E_{f}}{π ℏ^{2}} \frac{i}{ω + i τ^{- 1}},

σ_{j j} (ω) = \frac{i D_{j}}{π (ω + i η / ℏ)}, D_{j} = π e^{2} \frac{n}{m_{j}},

m_{x} = \frac{ℏ^{2}}{2 \frac{γ^{2}}{Δ} + η_{c}}, m_{y} = \frac{ℏ^{2}}{2 ν_{c}} .

a (ω) = \frac{c_{b} γ_{b} \exp (i θ_{b})}{(f - f_{b}) + i γ_{b}} + \frac{c_{d} γ_{d} \exp (i θ_{d})}{(f - f_{d}) + i γ_{d}} .

- \frac{σ_{j j}}{ε_{0} ω} = \frac{(ε_{2} + ε_{3})}{i q} .

f_{B P L S P j} = \sqrt{\frac{D_{j}}{2 π^{2} ε_{0} (ε_{2} + ε_{3}) P ξ}} .

f_{G S P} = \frac{e}{π ℏ} \sqrt{\frac{E_{f}}{2 ε_{0} (ε_{1} + ε_{2}) P}}

f_{\pm} = \frac{f_{G S P} + f_{B P L S P j}}{2} \pm \frac{\sqrt{{(f_{G S P} - f_{B P L S P j})}^{2} + Ω_{j}^{2}}}{2},